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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Locomotor kinematics and EMG activity during quadrupedal versus bipedal gait in the Japanese macaque
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Locomotor kinematics and EMG activity during quadrupedal versus bipedal gait in the Japanese macaque

机译：在日本短尾猿的四桥与BipeDal步态中的运动运动运动学和EMG活动

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摘要

Several qualitative features distinguish bipedal from quadrupedal locomotion in mammals. In this study we show quantitative differences between quadrupedal and bipedal gait in the Japanese monkey in terms of gait patterns, trunk/hindlimb kinematics, and electromyographic (EMG) activity, obtained from 3 macaques during treadmill walking. We predicted that as a consequence of an almost upright body axis, bipedal gait would show properties consistent with temporal and spatial optimization countering higher trunk/hindlimb loads and a less stable center of mass (CoM). A comparatively larger step width, an similar to 9% longer duty cycle, and similar to 20% increased relative duration of the double-support phase were all in line with such a strategy. Bipedal joint kinematics showed the strongest differences in proximal. and least in distal, hindlimb joint excursions compared with quadrupedal gait. Hindlimb joint coordination (cyclograms) revealed more periods of single-joint rotations during bipedal gait and predominance of proximal joints during single support. The CoM described a symmetrical, quasi-sinusoidal left/right path during bipedal gait, with an alternating shift toward the weight-supporting limb during stance. Trunk/hindlimb EMG activity was nonuniformally increased during bipedal gait, most prominently in proximal antigravity muscles during stance (up to 10-fold). Non-antigravity hindlimb EMG showed altered temporal profiles during liftoff or touchdown. Muscle coactivation was more. but muscle synergies less, frequent during bipedal gait. Together, these results show that behavioral and EMG properties of bipedal vs. quadrupedal gait are quantitatively distinct and suggest that the neural control of bipedal primate locomotion underwent specific adaptations to generate these particular behavioral features to counteract increased load and instability.
机译：若干定性特征将双层与哺乳动物中的四桥运动区分开来。在这项研究中，我们在日本猴子的步态模式，树干/后肢运动学和电拍摄（EMG）活性方面显示了Quadrupedal和BipeDal步态之间的定量差异，从3麦尾草在跑步机行走期间获得。我们预测，由于几乎直立的主体轴，BipeDal步态将显示与时间和空间优化相一致的性能，反击更高的主干/后肢负载和较小的质量中心（COM）。相对较大的阶梯宽度，类似于9％的占空比，并且类似于双支撑相的相对持续时间的20％均符合这种策略。 BipeDal关节运动学表现出近端的最强烈差异。至少在远端，后肢关节偏移与四轮节步态相比。 Hindlimb联合协调（环比图）在单个载体中揭示了在双面步态过程中的单关节转子的更多时期，并且在单一支持期间近端关节的优势。在双模型步态期间描述了对称，准正弦的左/右路，在姿势期间朝向重量支撑肢体的交替变换。在双层步态期间干扰/后肢EMG活性在姿势期间最突出的近端肌肉（高达10倍）。非抗重川后肢EMG在升降机或触地阵列期间显示出改变的时间曲线。肌肉共置更大。但肌肉协同效应较少，在双模型步态期间频繁。这些结果表明，双表达式与四桥步态的行为和EMG性质是量化的，并提出了双面热长运动的神经控制接受了特定的适应，以产生这些特殊的行为特征来抵消增加的负载和不稳定性。

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