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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >The role of intersegmental dynamics in coordination of the forelimb joints during unperturbed and perturbed skilled locomotion
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The role of intersegmental dynamics in coordination of the forelimb joints during unperturbed and perturbed skilled locomotion

机译：间隙动力学在不受干扰和扰动熟练运动期间协调前肢关节的作用

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摘要

Joint coordination during locomotion and how this coordination changes in response to perturbations remains poorly understood. We investigated coordination among forelimb joints during the swing phase of skilled locomotion in the cat. While cats walked on a horizontal ladder, one of the cross-pieces moved before the cat reached it, requiring the cat to alter step size. Direction and timing of the cross-piece displacement were manipulated. We found that the paw was transported in space through body translation and shoulder and elbow rotations, whereas the wrist provided paw orientation required to step on cross-pieces. Kinetic analysis revealed a consistent joint control pattern in all conditions. Although passive interaction and gravitational torques were the main sources of shoulder and elbow motions for most of the movement time, shoulder muscle torque influenced movement of the entire limb at the end of the swing phase, accelerating the shoulder and causing interaction torque that determined elbow motion. At the wrist, muscle and passive torques predominantly compensated for each other. In all perturbed conditions, although all joints and the body slightly contributed to changes in the step length throughout the entire movement, the major adjustment was produced by the shoulder at the movement end. We conclude that joint coordination during the swing phase is produced mainly passively, by exploiting gravity and the limb's intersegmental dynamics, which may simplify the neural control of locomotion. The use of shoulder musculature at the movement end enables flexible responses to environmental disturbances.
机译：在运动过程中联合协调以及这种协调如何变化对扰动的反应仍然很清楚。我们在猫的熟练运动摇摆期间调查了前肢关节的协调。虽然猫走在水平梯子上，但在猫达到它之前移动的一个横件，需要猫改变台阶。操纵横件位移的方向和时序。我们发现爪子通过身体平移和肩部和肘部旋转在空间中运输，而手腕提供了踩踏横块所需的爪子取向。动力学分析显示了所有条件下的一致的关节控制模式。虽然被动相互作用和引力扭矩是大多数运动时间的肩部和弯头运动的主要来源，但是肩部肌肉扭矩在摆动相的末端影响整个肢体的运动，加速肩部并导致确定肘部运动的相互作用扭矩。在手腕上，肌肉和被动扭矩彼此主要得到补偿。在所有扰动条件下，虽然所有接头和身体在整个运动中略有导致步进长度的变化，但是通过运动端的肩部产生了主要调整。我们得出结论，通过利用重力和肢体的基位动态，主要是被动地生产的平衡阶段的联合协调，这可以简化运动的神经控制。在运动端使用肩部肌肉组织可以灵活地应对环境干扰。

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