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The difference between two random mixed quantum states: exact and asymptotic spectral analysis

机译:两个随机混合量子状态之间的差异:精确和渐近光谱分析

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摘要

We investigate the spectral statistics of the difference of two density matrices, each of which is independently obtained by partially tracing a random bipartite pure quantum state. We first show how a closed-form expression for the exact joint eigenvalue probability density function for arbitrary dimensions can be obtained from the joint probability density function of the diagonal elements of the difference matrix, which is straightforward to compute. Subsequently, we use standard results from free probability theory to derive a relatively simple analytic expression for the asymptotic eigenvalue density (AED) of the difference matrix ensemble, and using Carlson's theorem, we obtain an expression for its absolute moments. These results allow us to quantify the typical asymptotic distance between the two random mixed states using various distance measures; in particular, we obtain the almost sure asymptotic behavior of the operator norm distance and the trace distance.
机译:我们研究了两个密度矩阵的差异的光谱统计,每个密度矩阵通过部分地描绘随机双链纯量子状态而独立地获得。 首先,可以从差矩阵的对角线元件的关节概率密度函数中,从差异矩阵的对角线元素的关节概率密度函数获得,如何从差异矩阵的关节概率密度函数获得闭合尺寸概率密度函数的闭合表达式。 随后,我们使用自由概率理论的标准结果来导出差异矩阵集合的渐近特征值密度(AED)的相对简单的分析表达,并使用Carlson的定理,我们获得了绝对时刻的表达。 这些结果允许我们使用各种距离测量来量化两个随机混合状态之间的典型渐近距离; 特别是,我们获得了操作员规范距离和跟踪距离的几乎肯定的渐近行为。

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