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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Ethnopharmacology: An Interdisciplinary Journal Devoted to Bioscientific Research on Indigenous Drugs >Medicinal plants traditionally used in the northwest of the Basque Country (Biscay and Alava), Iberian Peninsula
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Medicinal plants traditionally used in the northwest of the Basque Country (Biscay and Alava), Iberian Peninsula

机译：传统上用于巴斯克地区西北地区（Bescay和Alava），伊比利亚半岛的药用植物

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摘要

Ethnopharmacological relevance Many ethnobotanical studies show that people in industrial countries still rely on their traditional knowledge of medicinal plants for self-treatment, although the trend might not be as common as some decades ago. Given the social and public health implications of ethnopharmacological practices, this survey aims at recording and analysing the medicinal plants used in the folk medicine of the Northwest of the Basque Country focusing on how medicinal plants knowledge and practices evolve. Materials and methods Fieldwork consisted of 265 orally consented semi-structured interviews with 207 informants about medicinal uses of plants. Interviews were conducted between September 2008 and January 2011. Informants were on average 76 years old (minimum 45, maximum 95), being more than half of them (112) men. Data collected were structured in use-reports (UR). Following informants' comments, medicinal use-reports were classified as abandoned-UR, when the informants reported that the use was only practiced in the past, and prevalent-UR, when the informants reported to continue the practice. Results and discussion A total of 2067 UR for 139 species that belong to 58 botanical families were recorded, being the most important families Asteraceae, Liliaceae sensu latu and Urticaceae. Some of the most important species are commonly used in other European areas (e.g.; Chamaemelum nobile, Urtica dioica and Chelidonium majus). However, there are also plants commonly used in the area such as Helleborus viridis or Coronopus didymus, that are scarcely used in other areas, and whose record is an original contribution of the local pharmacopeia. It is also the case of remedies such as the use of Plantago leaves against strains in a local remedy called zantiritu. Overall, and for all variables analysed (total UR, medicinal use-categories, drug preparation and administration), the percentage of UR being currently practiced (prevalence ratio) was very low (near 30%) suggesting a strong decay in the use of traditional medicinal plants. Exceptionally, some species (Chamaemelum nobile, Verbena officinalis or Anagallis arvensis) had a high prevalence ratio, reflecting the fact that this erosion process is not evolving homogeneously. Informants also reported that new species and medicinal plant uses were entering into the local pharmacopeia via non-traditional sources such as books, courses, or the internet. These modern ways are now being used to spread some traditional remedies that in the past were only orally transmitted. Conclusions This study shows that traditional knowledge is continuously changing, evolving and adapting to the new social and environmental conditions. The image of the local folk medicine as a dying reality doomed to disappear should be reviewed. It also shows the need of a culturally sensitive approach by the official health systems to these practices.
机译：民族科医生相关性许多民族主义研究表明，工业国家的人们仍然依赖于他们对医药植物的传统知识进行自我治疗，尽管趋势可能不会像几十年前那样普遍。鉴于民族医药行为的社会和公共卫生影响，本调查旨在记录和分析巴斯克地区西北民间医学中使用的药用植物，专注于药用植物知识和实践如何发展。材料和方法实地考察由265名口头同意的半结构化访谈包括207个关于植物药用用途的207名信息人员。采访于2008年9月至2011年1月在2011年1月之间进行。通报员平均为76岁（最低45，最多95岁），超过其中一半（112）人。收集的数据在使用中构建 - 报告（UR）。随着信息的评论，药用用途报告被归类为废弃 - 你，当信息人员报告使用过去仅在过去练习的情况下才能练习，而当据报道的信息继续练习时。结果与讨论共有2067亩，属于58个植物家庭的139种，是最重要的家族，Liliaceae Sensu Latu和荨麻疹。一些最重要的物种通常用于其他欧洲地区（例如; Chamaemelum Nobile，荨麻疹Dioica和Chelidonium Majus）。然而，也存在常用于蠕虫古菲氏犬或冠骨盆死的地区的植物，这些地区几乎不用于其他地区，其记录是当地药典的原始贡献。还有案例，例如使用跖叶在众所周知的局部补救措施中留下菌株。总体而言，和用于分析的所有变量（总UR，医药用途类别，药物制备和给药），的UR作为目前实施的（患病率之比）的比例非常低（接近30％），这表明在利用传统的强烈衰减药用植物。特别地，一些物种（Chamaemelum Nobile，Verarena Officinalis或Anagallis arvensis）具有很高的流行率，反映了这种侵蚀过程并未均匀地发展的事实。 Informants还报告说，新的物种和药用植物用途通过书籍，课程或互联网等非传统来源进入当地药典。现在正在使用这些现代方式来传播一些传统的补救措施，这些补救措施只会口头上映。结论本研究表明，传统知识不断变化，不断发展和适应新的社会和环境条件。当地民间医学的形象被审查失去消失的垂死现实。它还显示了官方卫生系统对这些做法的文化敏感方法的需求。

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