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首页> 外文期刊>Chronobiology international >Hypocretins: The timing of sleep and waking
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Hypocretins: The timing of sleep and waking

机译：降钙素：睡眠和醒来的时间

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摘要

The appropriate time and place for sleep and waking are important factors for survival. Sleep and waking, rest and activity, flight and fight, feeding, and reproduction are all organized in relation to the day and night. A biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), synchronized by photic influences and other environmental cues, provides an endogenous timing signal that entrains circadian body rhythms and is complemented by a homeostatic sleep pressure factor. Cholinergic, catecholaminergic, serotonergic, and histaminergic nuclei control wakefulness and mutually interact with the SCN as well as sleep- and wake-promoting neurons in the hypothalamus to form a bistable switch that controlls the timing of behavioral state transitions. Hypocretin neurons integrate circadian-photic and nutritional-metabolic influences and act as a conductor in the aminergic orchestra. Their loss causes narcolepsy, a disease conferring the inability to separate sleep and waking. Their role in appetitive behavior, stress, and memory functions is important to our understanding of addiction and compulsion.
机译：适当的时间睡觉和醒来是生存的重要因素。睡眠和起床，休息和活动，飞行和战斗，进食和生殖都与白天和黑夜有关。生物钟，视交叉上核（SCN），受光影响和其他环境提示而同步，提供了一种内在的定时信号，该信号会带动人体昼夜节律，并由稳态睡眠压力因子来补充。胆碱能，儿茶酚胺能，5-羟色胺能和组胺能能控制觉醒，并与下丘脑中的SCN以及促进睡眠和觉醒的神经元相互作用，形成双稳态开关，从而控制行为状态转变的时间。降钙素神经元整合了昼夜节律性和营养代谢性影响，并在胺能乐团中充当指挥。它们的丧失会导致发作性睡病，这是一种导致无法分开睡眠和醒来的疾病。它们在食欲行为，压力和记忆功能中的作用对于我们了解成瘾和强迫至关重要。

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