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首页> 外文期刊>Chronobiology international >Physiological pineal effects on female reproductive function of laboratory rats: Prenatal development of pups, litter size and estrous cycle in middle age
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Physiological pineal effects on female reproductive function of laboratory rats: Prenatal development of pups, litter size and estrous cycle in middle age

机译：松果对雌性大鼠生殖功能的生理影响：中年幼崽的产前发育，产仔数和发情周期

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The present study investigates whether and how the pineal or its hormone melatonin influences female reproductive functions, namely the litter size, prenatal development of offsprings, and estrous cyclicity, especially its age-related cessation in a non-seasonal breeder, the laboratory rat. Wistar rats were maintained under a 24 h light- dark (12L:12D) cycle. Female rats were divided into 3 groups: non-operated (NO), sham-operated (SX), and pinealectomized (PX). Surgeries were performed in 35-40 day-old females. Starting at an age between 70 days and 7 months, female rats of all 3 groups were repeatedly mated with intact males. PX mothers more frequently delivered pups with malformations (e. g., taillessness, hydronephrosis, 7 out of 1263 pups) than control rats (0/1323; p < 0.007). In the first delivery at 3 months of age, but not at later ages, PX mothers delivered more pups of lower body weight than control animals (p < 0.001). Examination of vaginal smears showed that almost all female rats of the NO, SX, and PX groups had 4-day estrous cyclicity when they were young-between 60 days and 5 months of age. At an age of 17 to 18 months, most female rats of the NO and SX groups showed irregular, continuously diestrous or pseudopregnancy-like patterns, and 4-day estrous cyclicity was found in only 10% of the NO or SX animals. In contrast, about 50% of the PX rats showed 4-day estrous cyclicity at this older age (p < 0.001). Melatonin, when added to drinking water (0.4 mg/L) for 16 days during the dark phase increased the frequency of diestrous phase, except in continuously diestrous rats and very few others. This melatonin effect was strong in PX rats but relatively weak in SX rats. In conclusion, the pineal hormone appears to influence various reproductive functions and developmental processes, especially pregnancy and the timing of reproductive aging in rats. The effects of pinealectomy are more prominent at an age of 60 to 80 days (i.e., shortly after puberty) and at the beginning of the cessation of cycles in middle-aged females.
机译：本研究调查了松果体或其激素褪黑激素是否以及如何影响雌性生殖功能，即产仔数，后代的产前发育和发情周期，特别是在非季节性繁殖者实验室大鼠中与年龄有关的停止。 Wistar大鼠维持在24小时的光-暗（12L：12D）周期下。将雌性大鼠分为三组：非手术组（NO），假手术组（SX）和松果体切除术（PX）。手术在35-40岁的女性中进行。从70天到7个月大的年龄开始，将所有3组的雌性大鼠与完整的雄性反复交配。与对照组大鼠相比，PX母亲产仔的畸形幼崽（例如无尾，肾积水，1263只幼仔中有7只）更频繁（0/1323; p <0.007）。在3个月大时首次分娩，但不晚于此，PX母亲比对照动物分娩了更多的低体重幼仔（p <0.001）。阴道涂片检查显示，几乎所有的NO，SX和PX组雌性大鼠，年龄在60天至5个月大时，都有4天的发情周期。在17至18个月大时，NO和SX组的大多数雌性大鼠表现出不规则，连续性的雌性或假性妊娠样模式，并且仅10％的NO或SX动物中发现了4天的发情周期。相比之下，大约50％的PX大鼠在这个较大的年龄表现出4天的动情周期（p <0.001）。褪黑素在黑暗阶段添加到饮用水（0.4 mg / L）中达16天时，增加了雌激素相的频率，除了连续雌激素大鼠和极少数其他大鼠。褪黑激素作用在PX大鼠中很强，但在SX大鼠中相对较弱。总之，松果体激素似乎会影响各种生殖功能和发育过程，尤其是妊娠和大鼠生殖衰老的时机。松果体切除术在60到80天（即青春期后不久）以及中年女性停止周期开始时更为突出。

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