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首页> 外文期刊>ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems >Rethinking Computer Architectures and Software Systems for Phase-Change Memory
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Rethinking Computer Architectures and Software Systems for Phase-Change Memory

机译：重新思考相变存储器的计算机体系结构和软件系统

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With dramatic growth of data and rapid enhancement of computing powers, data accesses become the bottleneck restricting overall performance of a computer system. Emerging phase-change memory (PCM) is byte-addressable like DRAM, persistent like hard disks and Flash SSD, and about four orders of magnitude faster than hard disks or Flash SSDs for typical file system I/Os. The maturity of PCM from research to production provides a new opportunity for improving the I/O performance of a system. However, PCM also has some weaknesses, for example, long write latency, limited write endurance, and high active energy. Existing processor cache systems, main memory systems, and online storage systems are unable to leverage the advantages of PCM, and/or to mitigate PCM's drawbacks. The reason behind this incompetence is that they are designed and optimized for SRAM, DRAM memory, and hard drives, respectively, instead of PCM memory. There have been some efforts concentrating on rethinking computer architectures and software systems for PCM. This article presents a detailed survey and review of the areas of computer architecture and software systems that are oriented to PCM devices. First, we identify key technical challenges that need to be addressed before this memory technology can be leveraged, in the form of processor cache, main memory, and online storage, to build high-performance computer systems. Second, we examine various designs of computer architectures and software systems that are PCM aware. Finally, we obtain several helpful observations and propose a few suggestions on how to leverage PCM to optimize the performance of a computer system.
机译：随着数据的急剧增长和计算能力的快速增强，数据访问已成为限制计算机系统整体性能的瓶颈。新兴相变存储器（PCM）像DRAM一样是字节可寻址的，像硬盘和Flash SSD一样是持久性的，对于典型的文件系统I / O，它比硬盘或Flash SSD快约四个数量级。从研究到生产，PCM的成熟度为改善系统的I / O性能提供了新的机会。但是，PCM也具有一些缺点，例如，较长的写入延迟，有限的写入耐力和较高的有功电能。现有的处理器高速缓存系统，主存储器系统和在线存储系统无法利用PCM的优点和/或减轻PCM的缺点。这种能力不足的原因是它们分别针对SRAM，DRAM存储器和硬盘驱动器（而非PCM存储器）进行了设计和优化。已经有一些努力集中在重新考虑用于PCM的计算机体系结构和软件系统。本文介绍了针对PCM设备的计算机体系结构和软件系统领域的详细调查和评论。首先，我们确定了在利用该内存技术以处理器高速缓存，主内存和在线存储的形式来构建高性能计算机系统之前需要解决的关键技术挑战。其次，我们研究了PCM感知的计算机体系结构和软件系统的各种设计。最后，我们获得了一些有用的意见，并就如何利用PCM优化计算机系统的性能提出了一些建议。

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