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Novel flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam: plasma induced graft-polymerization of phosphonates

机译：新型阻燃柔性聚氨酯泡沫：血浆诱导膦酸的移植物聚合

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Flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foams has become an issue due to very severe regulations. To overcome the challenge of incorporating flame retardant (FR) additives during the foaming process without altering the foam properties, a plasma surface treatment was used for the first time in this work: a cold plasma induced graft-polymerization of phosphonate containing precursors (diethylvinylphosphonate-DEVP) with or without a crosslinking agent (1,4 butanedioldiacrylate) was applied on open cell flexible polyurethane foams (PUF). The flame retardant properties of these foams, before and after further rinsing, were evaluated using horizontal UL-94 test for 10 s and 60 s. One of the tested systems (DEVP + crosslinker), even after sonication, completely stops the melt dripping of the foams when exposed to the flame of the butane torch and charring occurs. This efficient surface treatment was characterized before and after burning by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), P-31 solid state NMR and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Its FR mechanism of action was then further investigated using microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), thermogravimetric analyses coupled with infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR), pyrolysis gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS pyrolysis) and 31P solid state NMR. The results obtained show that it is necessary (i) to use the crosslinking agent, as DEVP mainly reacts with this crosslinker and (ii) to activate the PU foam before graft-polymerization to promote further reaction with the crosslinker. The characterizations also proved that before sonication, non-reacted DEVP precursors mainly act in the gas phase, preventing ignition, whereas after sonication the covalently grafted phosphorus containing species mainly act in the condensed phase to form phosphonic acid which will promote charring and thus will limit dripping and flame spread.
机译：柔性聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性已经成为由于严重规定的问题。为了克服在发泡过程中掺入阻燃剂（FR）添加剂的挑战而不改变泡沫特性，在这项工作中首次使用等离子体表面处理：冷等离子体诱导的含膦酸的前体的移植物聚合（二乙基乙烯基膦酸酯 - 在开放电池柔性聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）上施加有或没有交联剂（1,4丁胺硫磺酸盐）的DEVP）。使用水平UL-94试验评估这些泡沫的阻燃性，在进一步冲洗之前和之后进行10 s和60秒。其中一个测试系统（DEVP +交联剂），即使在超声处理之后，在暴露于丁烷炬和炭化的火焰时完全停止泡沫的熔体滴水。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM），电子探针微分析（EPMA），P-31固态NMR和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）在燃烧之前和之后，表征了这种有效的表面处理。然后使用微观燃烧量热法（MCC）进一步研究其FR机制，与红外傅里叶变换光谱（TGA-FTIR）相结合的热重分析，与质谱（GC-MS热解）和31p固态NMR偶联的热解气相色谱法，热解气相色谱法。得到的结果表明，使用交联剂是必要的（i），因为DEVP主要与该交联剂和（II）反应以在接枝聚合之前激活PU泡沫以促进与交联剂进一步反应。表征还证明，在超声处理之前，非反应的DEVP前体主要在气相中起作用，防止点火，而在超声处理后，含有共价接枝的物种主要作用于稠合的阶段以形成将促进剪贴的膦酸，因此将限制滴水和火焰传播。

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  • 来源
    《RSC Advances》 |2015年第78期|共13页
  • 作者

    Jimenez Maude; Lesaffre Nicolas; Bellayer Severine; Dupretz Renaud; Vandenbossche Marianne; Duquesne Sophie; Bourbigot Serge;

  • 作者单位

    ENSCL UMR 8207 UMET ISP R2FIRE F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq France;

    ENSCL UMR 8207 UMET ISP R2FIRE F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq France;

    ENSCL UMR 8207 UMET ISP R2FIRE F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq France;

    ENSCL UMR 8207 UMET ISP R2FIRE F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq France;

    ENSCL UMR 8207 UMET ISP R2FIRE F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq France;

    ENSCL UMR 8207 UMET ISP R2FIRE F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq France;

    ENSCL UMR 8207 UMET ISP R2FIRE F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq France;

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  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 化学;
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