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Surgery-free injectable macroscale biomaterials for local cancer immunotherapy

机译：自由手术可注射宏观生物材料，用于局部癌症免疫疗法

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摘要

Immunotherapy can harness the power of host's immune system to fight cancer. In the last few decades, tremendous progress has been made in this field, with remarkable clinical successes achieved consisting of a durable response in a fraction of patients. However, there are enormous challenges to extending this therapy to the majority of cancer patients while retaining minimal adverse effects. Local immunotherapy is a promising approach for concentrating immunomodulation in situ without systemic exposure, therefore minimizing systemic toxicities. More importantly, local immunomodulation can still lead to systemic effects that confer overall anticancer immunity to eradicate disseminated diseases. To facilitate these local immunotherapies, a wide range of biomaterials have been developed as delivery systems to protect the locally injected immune-related therapeutics and extend their retention. Surgery-free injectable macroscale biomaterials are one of the most promising classes of biomaterials developed to date, as they are suitable for minimally invasive injection with needles or catheters and form a biocompatible three-dimensional matrix in situ as a drug-depot for controlled local delivery. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the recent advancements in applying injectable macroscale biomaterials in local cancer immunotherapy by highlighting some recent examples. We compare various injectable biomaterials with different gelation mechanisms and discuss their applications in the delivery of immunomodulators, immune cells, and cancer vaccines. We also discuss current challenges and provide a perspective for the future development of injectable macroscale biomaterials in cancer immunotherapy.
机译：免疫疗法可以利用宿主免疫系统的力量来对抗癌症。在过去的几十年中，这一领域已经取得了巨大进展，具有显着的临床成功，可以在一小部分患者中组成。然而，在留住大多数癌症患者的同时存在巨大挑战，同时保持最小的不良反应。局部免疫疗法是一种希望在没有全身暴露的情况下浓缩免疫调节的有希望的方法，从而最大限度地减少了系统性毒性。更重要的是，局部免疫调节仍可导致赋予整体抗癌免疫力以根除脱盐疾病的全身效应。为了促进这些局部免疫治疗，已经开发了各种生物材料作为递送系统，以保护局部注射的免疫相关治疗并延长其保留。无手术可注射宏观生物材料是迄今为止开发的最有前途的生物材料类之一，因为它们适用于针对针或导管的微创注射，并形成生物相容性的三维基质，原位为用于受控局部递送的药品仓库。在这个迷你审查中，我们通过突出最近的例子，概述最近在局部癌症免疫疗法中施加可注射宏观生物材料的进步。我们比较具有不同胶凝机制的各种可注射生物材料，并讨论其在递送免疫调节剂，免疫细胞和癌症疫苗中的应用。我们还讨论了目前的挑战，并为未来发展癌症免疫疗法中可注射宏观生物材料的发展提供了视角。

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  • 来源
    《Biomaterials Science》 |2019年第3期|共17页
  • 作者

    Lei Kewen; Tang Li;

  • 作者单位

    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Inst Mat Sci &

    Engn CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland;

    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Inst Mat Sci &

    Engn CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 分子生物学;
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