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Biotransformation of lignin: Mechanisms, applications and future work

机译：木质素的生物转化：机制，应用和未来工作

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摘要

As one of the most abundant polymers in biosphere, lignin has attracted extensive attention as a kind of promising feedstock for biofuel and bio-based products. However, the utilization of lignin presents various challenges in that its complex composition and structure and high resistance to degradation. Lignin conversion through biological platform harnesses the catalytic power of microorganisms to decompose complex lignin molecules and obtain value-added products through biosynthesis. Given the heterogeneity of lignin, various microbial metabolic pathways are involved in lignin bioconversion processes, which has been characterized in extensive research work. With different types of lignin substrates (e.g., model compounds, technical lignin, and lignocellulosic biomass), several bacterial and fungal species have been proved to own lignin-degrading abilities and accumulate microbial products (e.g., lipid and polyhydroxyalkanoates), while the lignin conversion efficiencies are still relatively low. Genetic and metabolic strategies have been developed to enhance lignin biodegradation by reprogramming microbial metabolism, and diverse products, such as vanillin and dicarboxylic acids were also produced from lignin. This article aims at presenting a comprehensive review on lignin bioconversion including lignin degradation mechanisms, metabolic pathways, and applications for the production of value-added bioproducts. Advanced techniques on genetic and metabolic engineering are also covered in the recent development of biological platforms for lignin utilization. To conclude this article, the existing challenges for efficient lignin bioprocessing are analyzed and possible directions for future work are proposed.
机译：作为生物圈中最丰富的聚合物之一，木质素引起了广泛的关注，作为生物燃料和生物基产品的一种有希望的原料。然而，木质素的利用呈各种挑战，即其复杂的组合物和结构以及高抗降解的抗性。通过生物平台的木质素转换利用微生物的催化力来分解复杂的木质素分子并通过生物合成获得增值产物。鉴于木质素的异质性，各种微生物代谢途径涉及木质素生物转化过程，其特征在于广泛的研究工作。用不同类型的木质素底物（例如，模型化合物，技术木质素和木霉素生物量），已经证明了几种细菌和真菌物种具有木质素降解能力并积累微生物产品（例如，脂质和多羟基烷烃），而木质素转换效率仍然相对较低。已经开发出遗传和代谢策略，以通过重编程微生物代谢来增强木质素生物降解，并从木质素中产生多种产品，例如香草蛋白和二羧酸。本文旨在提出关于木质素生物转化的全面审查，包括木质素的降解机制，代谢途径和生产增值生物产物的应用。遗传和代谢工程的先进技术也涉及Lignin利用的生物平台的发展。要结束本文，分析了高效木质素生物处理的现行挑战，提出了未来工作的可能指示。

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