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首页> 外文期刊>Bryologist >Epiphytic macrolichen communities correspond to patterns of sulfur and nitrogen deposition in the northeastern United States
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Epiphytic macrolichen communities correspond to patterns of sulfur and nitrogen deposition in the northeastern United States

机译：Ebipytic Macrolichen社区对应于美国东北部的硫和氮沉积模式

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摘要

Atmospheric deposition of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) has decreased steadily in the northeastern U.S. since the federal 1970 Clean Air Act was passed, yet deposition remains elevated above natural background levels throughout the region. Epiphytic macrolichens are highly sensitive to air pollution and their status is a good indicator of ecological health. We used deposition modeling for 2000-2013 and multiple metrics of lichen status (i.e., species composition, species richness, thallus condition, lichen sensitivity indices, lichen elemental analysis) to assess air pollution effects at 24 plots in four federally-mandated Class I areas. The areas (Lye Brook Wilderness, VT; Great Gulf and the Presidential Range-Dry River Wildernesses, NH; and Acadia National Park, ME) encompass a range of high to low deposition sites. We developed thallus condition scores and sensitivity groups and indices for S and N based on species patterns using deposition estimates gleaned from a larger, independent data base. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations differentiated forest structure effects on lichen community composition from more complex deposition and elevation effects. Annual mean and cumulative deposition of N correlated strongly with decreases in lichen species richness and N-sensitive species, and poorer thallus condition. Cumulative dry deposition of S yielded the best fit to decreases in thallus condition, poorer community-based S Index values, and absence of many S-sensitive species. Multiple metrics provided consistent evidence that higher depositional loading was associated with greater adverse effects. In general, stronger correlations between present day lichen metrics and cumulative deposition (post-2000), compared to current deposition, emphasize the long-term nature of emissions impacts and continued need to control S and N emissions to restore the ecological health of lichen communities and linked biota.
机译：硫磺的大气沉积和氮气（n）在东北美国稳定下降。由于联邦1970年清洁空气法通过，但沉积仍然在整个地区的自然背景水平上升。 EBIPHYTIC MAcroLichens对空气污染高度敏感，其地位是生态健康的良好指标。我们使用2000-2013的沉积建模和地衣状态的多个度量（即物种组成，物种丰富性，菌株，地衣敏感性指数，地衣敏感性指数，地衣元素分析），以评估四个联邦政府级别地区的24个地块的空气污染效应。该地区（Lye Brook Wilderness，VT;伟大的海湾和总统范围干河原野，NH;和Acadia National Park，Me）包括一系列高沉积地点。基于使用沉积估计从更大的独立数据库收集的沉积估计，我们开发了S和N的缩略条件分数和敏感性组和索引和索引。非公制多维缩放条件对地衣群落组成的差异化森林结构效应从更复杂的沉积和高度效应。 N的年均平均值和累积沉积强烈地随着地衣物种丰富性和N敏感物种的减少，较差的妊娠病症。 S的累积干沉积产生最佳拟合，以降低胎粪条件，较差的社区的氏型指数值，并且没有许多S敏感物种。多个度量提供一致的证据表明较高的沉积载荷与更高的不良反应相关。通常，与当前沉积相比，当今地衣度量和累积沉积之间的较强相关性和累积沉积（2000年后）强调排放影响的长期性质，并继续控制S和N排放来恢复地衣社区的生态健康并联系Biota。

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