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首页> 外文期刊>Boundary-layer Meteorology >Coordinate Rotation-Amplification in the Uncertainty and Bias in Non-orthogonal Sonic Anemometer Vertical Wind Speeds
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Coordinate Rotation-Amplification in the Uncertainty and Bias in Non-orthogonal Sonic Anemometer Vertical Wind Speeds

机译：在非正交声速计垂直风速下的不确定度和偏压中坐标旋转放大

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Recent research indicates that non-orthogonal sonic anemometers underestimate vertical wind velocity and consequently eddy-covariance fluxes of mass and energy. Whether this is a general problem among all non-orthogonal sonic anemometers, including those calibrated for flow-shadowing effects, is unknown. To investigate this, we test two sonic anemometer designs, orthogonal (3Vx-probe, Applied Technologies, Inc.) and non-orthogonal (R3-50, Gill Instruments, Ltd.), in a series of field manipulation experiments featuring replicate instruments mounted in various orientations, and use a Bayesian analysis to determine the most likely posterior correction to produce equivalent measurements. The 3Vx-probe experiment was conducted on a 24-m scaffold at the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES), Wyoming, USA AmeriFlux site while R3-50 anemometer experiments were conducted at the GLEES field site and on a 2.9-m scaffold at the Pawnee National Grassland, Colorado, USA. Without applying a shadowing correction to the 3Vx-probe, the posterior correction significantly increases the standard deviation of the horizontal velocity component by 5-15% (95% Bayesian credible interval) but without a significant change in the horizontal temperature flux; with the shadowing correction applied neither of these have significant changes. Similarly, for the R3-50 GLEES experiment, the standard deviation of the vertical velocity and vertical temperature flux significantly increase by 13-18% and 6-10% (95% credible intervals); results from the Pawnee experiment are contradictory and inconclusive. The reason for the underestimated vertical velocity is undetermined, though a mathematical by-product of the non-orthogonal geometry is that small systematic measurement biases can become large uncertainties in the vertical velocity. This could affect all non-orthogonal designs.
机译：最近的研究表明，非正交声波测量仪低估了垂直风速，从而施加的质量和能量的涡流通量。无论这是所有非正交声波风压仪中的一般问题，包括校准流量阴影效果的人，都是未知的。要调查这一点，我们测试了两个Sonic Anemometer设计，正交（3VX-探测，应用技术，Inc。）和非正交（R3-50，Gill Instruments，Ltd，Ltd。），在一系列现场操作实验中安装了复制仪器在各种方向上，并使用贝叶斯分析来确定最可能的后校正以产生等效的测量。在冰川湖生态系统实验部位（Glees），Wyoming，USA Ameriflux站点的24米脚手架上进行了3VX探针实验，而R3-50风速计实验是在Glees田地场地和2.9米的脚手架上进行的Pawnee全国草原，科罗拉多，美国。在不向3VX探针施加阴影校正，后校正显着增加了水平速度分量的标准偏差5-15％（95％的贝叶斯可靠间隔），但水平温度通量没有显着变化;由于这些阴影校正既没有施加，这些都没有发生重大变化。同样，对于R3-50曲线实验，垂直速度和垂直温度通量的标准偏差显着增加了13-18％和6-10％（可靠间隔95％）; Pawnee实验的结果是矛盾的和不确定的。不稳定的垂直速度的原因未确定，尽管非正交几何形状的数学副产物是小系统测量偏差可以在垂直速度中变得较大的不确定性。这可能会影响所有非正交设计。

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