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首页> 外文期刊>Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology >Predator attack patterns influence vigilance in a virtual experiment
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Predator attack patterns influence vigilance in a virtual experiment

机译：捕食者攻击模式会影响虚拟实验中的警惕

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摘要

The frequency and unpredictability of predator attacks can substantially influence vigilance patterns in prey animals. However, the lack of control over predator behavior hampers our understanding of the effect of predator attack patterns on vigilance. To circumvent this limitation, I developed a virtual experiment in which the behavior of the (virtual) predator was under full control of the experimenter. In the virtual experiment, I altered the frequency and unpredictability of attacks to document how human subjects (N = 45), which acted as surrogate prey, altered their vigilance in response to changes in predator attack patterns. Subjects increased the frequency of their vigilance bouts when the virtual predator attacked more frequently and increased vigilance bout duration when the predator attacked more unpredictably, thus showing an increase in vigilance when predation risk increased. Other features of vigilance in the virtual environment also fitted predictions from current theories of vigilance. In particular, subjects overemphasized safety in the early stages of the experiment when learning about predator attack patterns. Strong individual differences in both the frequency and duration of vigilance bouts also emerged in the virtual environment. Such individual differences feature prominently in the vigilance literature in birds and mammals. The virtual environment thus provides a unique tool to assess vigilance patterns in a controlled environment.
机译：捕食者攻击的频率和不可预测性可以基本上影响猎物动物的警惕模式。然而，对捕食者行为的控制缺乏控制妨碍了我们对捕食者攻击模式对警惕的影响的理解。为了避免这种限制，我开发了一个虚拟实验，其中（虚拟）捕食者的行为在实验者的完全控制下。在虚拟实验中，我改变了攻击的频率和不可预测性，以记录如何担任代理猎物的人类受试者（n = 45），以响应于捕食者攻击模式的变化而改变了他们的警惕。当虚拟捕食者在捕食者攻击更不可预测的情况下，当虚拟捕食者更频繁地攻击时，受试者增加了他们的警惕频率的频率，从而在捕食风险增加时表现出警惕的增加。虚拟环境中的警惕的其他特征也适用于当前警惕的理论的预测。特别是，在学习捕食者攻击模式时，对实验的早期阶段的主题过度激烈安全。在虚拟环境中也出现了警惕性频率和持续时间的强大个体差异。这种个体差异在鸟类和哺乳动物的警惕文献中占据突出。因此，虚拟环境提供了一种独特的工具，以评估受控环境中的警惕模式。

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