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An integrated view of asteroid regeneration: tissues, cells and molecules

机译：小行星再生的综合图：组织，细胞和分子

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The potential for repairing and replacing cells, tissues, organs and body parts is considered a primitive attribute of life shared by all the organisms, even though it may be expressed to a different extent and which is essential for the survival of both individual and whole species. The ability to regenerate is particularly evident and widespread within invertebrates. In spite of the wide availability of experimental models, regeneration has been comprehensively explored in only a few animal systems (i.e., hydrozoans, planarians, urodeles) leaving many other animal groups unexplored. The regenerative potential finds its maximum expression in echinoderms. Among echinoderm classes, asteroids offer an impressive range of experimental models in which to study arm regeneration at different levels. Many studies have been recently carried out in order to understand the regenerative mechanisms in asteroids and the overall morphological processes have been well documented in different starfish species, such as Asterias rubens, Leptasterias hexactis and Echinaster sepositus. In contrast, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control regeneration development and patterning in these models. The origin and the fate of cells involved in the regenerative process remain a matter of debate and clear insights will require the use of complementary molecular and proteomic approaches to study this problem. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the cellular, proteomic and molecular aspects of asteroid regeneration.
机译：修复和替代细胞，组织，器官和身体部位的可能性被认为是由所有生物共享的生命的原始属性，即使它可能在不同程度上表达并且对于个体和整个物种的存活至关重要。再生的能力尤其明显，在无脊椎动物内普遍存在。尽管实验模型的可用性广泛地，但只有少数动物系统（即羟基洲，平面图，尿精）全面探索了再生，留下了许多其他动物群体未探索。再生潜力在棘突中发现其最大表达。在棘鱼类中，小行星提供令人印象深刻的实验模型，用于研究不同水平的臂再生。最近已经进行了许多研究，以了解小行星中的再生机制，并且整体形态过程在不同的海星物种中已经充分记录，例如亚斯蒂斯斯·鲁本队，Lepterpasteria Hexactis和Echinaster Sepositus。相反，关于控制这些模型中的再生发育和图案化的分子机制很少。在再生过程中涉及的细胞的起源和命运仍然是辩论问题，并且清晰的见解需要使用互补的分子和蛋白质组学方法来研究这个问题。在这里，我们审查了关于小行星再生细胞，蛋白质组学和分子方面的目前的知识。

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