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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Journal of Zoology >Temperature, wind, vegetation, and roads influence incubation patterns of Greater Prairie- Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) in the Nebraska Sandhills, USA
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Temperature, wind, vegetation, and roads influence incubation patterns of Greater Prairie- Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) in the Nebraska Sandhills, USA

机译：温度，风，植被和道路影响大草原（Tympanuchus Cupido Pinnatus）的孵育模式在美国的桑德希尔斯，美国

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摘要

Avian incubation involves behavioral decisions that must balance trade-offs between the incubating bird's survival and current and future reproductive success. We evaluated variation in incubation off-bout duration and frequency among Greater Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus (Brewster, 1885)) in the Nebraska Sandhills, USA. Greater Prairie-Chicken life history favors incubation behaviors that prioritize success of the current breeding attempt over adult survival. Previous observations suggest incubating females make these behavioral decisions based on ambient temperature conditions, their own body condition, and predation risk. We monitored nest attendance by females at 30 Greater Prairie-Chicken nests to identify proximate cues used to make behavioral decisions regarding incubation. We recorded 930 incubation off-bouts. Females took 1.9 +/- 0.7 off-bouts/day (mean +/- SD), each with a mean (+/- SD) duration of 43.3 +/- 24.1 min. Off-bouts were shorter in duration at higher wind speeds, at lower ambient temperatures, at nests with less cover, and at nests closer to roads. Females were most likely to leave the nest during mid-morning and evening, as are most gallinaceous birds, and incubation off-bouts became less frequent later in the season. We did not observe differences in incubation behavior between nests that failed and those that successfully hatched one or more chicks.
机译：禽孵化涉及必须在孵化鸟类生存和当前和未来生殖成功之间平衡权衡的行为决策。我们在大草原（Tympanuchus Cupido Pinnats（Brewster，1885））中评估了孵育的潜伏期持续时间和频率的变化。大草原鸡肉寿命史上有利于孵化行为，优先考虑当前育种企业成人生存的成功。以前的观察结果建议孵育雌性基于环境温度条件，自身的身体状况和捕食风险来使这些行为决策。我们监控了女性在30名大草原巢上的巢账户，以确定用于制定有关孵化的行为决策的近似提示。我们录制了930次孵化的潜水。女性服用1.9 +/- 0.7脱机/天（平均+/- SD），每个持续时间（+/- SD）持续时间为43.3 +/- 24.1分钟。在较低的环境温度下，在较低的环境温度下，在较低的环境温度下，在较低的环境温度下，在较低的环境温度下，越来越少，巢穴较近。女性最有可能在中午和晚上留下巢，也是大多数痛苦的鸟类，孵化潜伏在本赛季后期越来越少。我们没有观察失败的巢之间的孵化行为的差异，并且成功孵化了一个或多个小鸡的巢穴。

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