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首页> 外文期刊>Clinics in dermatology >The physiology of melanin deposition in health and disease
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The physiology of melanin deposition in health and disease

机译：黑色素沉积在健康与疾病中的生理学

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Eumelanin is the major pigment responsible for human skin color. This black/brown pigment is localized in membrane-bound organelles (melanosomes) found in specialized cells (melanocytes) in the basal layer of the epidermis. This review highlights the steps involved in melanogenesis in the epidermis and the disorders in skin pigmentation that occur when specific steps critical for this process are defective. Melanosomes, which contain tyrosinase, a major enzyme involved in melanin synthesis, develop through a series of steps in the melanocyte. They are donated from the melanocyte dendrites to the surrounding keratinocytes in the epidermis. In the keratinocytes, the melanosomes are found singly or packaged into groups, and as the keratinocytes move upward in the epidermis, the melanosomes start to degrade. This sequence of events is critical for melanin pigmentation in the skin and can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, which all play a role in levels of melanization of the epidermis. The effects these factors have on skin pigmentation can be due to different underlying mechanisms involved in the melanization process leading to either hypo- or hyperpigmentary disorders. These disorders highlight the importance of mechanistic studies on the specific steps involved in the melanization process. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.
机译：eumelanin是负责人体肤色的主要颜料。这种黑色/棕色颜料在表皮的基底层中发现的膜结合的细胞器（黑​​色素体）局部。本综述突出了表皮中甜瓜和皮肤色素沉着疾病所涉及的步骤，当该过程关键的特定步骤有缺陷时发生。含有酪氨酸酶的黑色素，其涉及黑色素合成的主要酶，通过Melanocyte中的一系列步骤产生。将它们从黑素细胞枝曲体捐赠给表皮的周围的角质形成细胞。在角质形成细胞中，将黑色素单独或包装成基团，并且当角质形成细胞在表皮中向上移动时，黑色素开始降解。这种事件序列对于皮肤中的黑色素色素沉着至关重要，并且可以受到遗传，激素和环境因素的影响，这一切都在表皮的黑色化水平中发挥作用。这些因素对皮肤色素沉着的影响可能是由于混合物过程中涉及的不同潜在机制，导致枯草或高度胸腔或高度胸腔。这些障碍突出了机械研究对黑色化过程中涉及的具体步骤的重要性。 （c）2019由elsevier公司出版

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