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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Quantitative evaluation of sand shape and roundness and their potential effect on stability of sand-based athletic fields.
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Quantitative evaluation of sand shape and roundness and their potential effect on stability of sand-based athletic fields.

机译：沙子形状和圆度的定量评估及其对基于沙子的运动场稳定性的潜在影响。

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摘要

Playing surface stability can be a problem when sand-based media are used in sports fields. Many factors, such as particle size, particle size gradation, shape, roundness, water content, and plant materials may affect surface stability. The relative importance of these factors in surface stability is not clearly understood. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate shape and roundness of sand particles quantitatively so they can be compared with other factors in terms of their contributions to surface stability. Mason sand, concrete sand, silica sand, crushed brick, and crushed stone were used to cover a wide range of shapes and roundness based on visual observation. In order to test the methodology, we used glass beads as the base line. We also crushed glass to make a very angular sample. All materials were washed free of silt- and clay-sized particles and oven dried before evaluation. A roughness index (Ir) was proposed as the ratio of the particle surface area to the area of a sphere of the same volume. Surface areas were determined by coating the materials with aniline blue dye and measuring the light absorption of the dye washed off the particle surface. Angle of repose, coefficient of uniformity (CU), coefficient of friction (CF), and two-dimensional image analysis were also included in the evaluation of the materials. Principle component analysis indicated that only three factors - angle of repose, CU, and Ir, - are necessary to explain 98.5% of the variance contributing to surface stability of sand-based media. The results showed that shape and roundness of sand grains could be expressed by Ir, which is sensitive and convenient for determining the differences among materials. Two-dimensional image analysis, which returns form factor, roundness, and aspect ratio, provided insufficient separation of the diverse sands.
机译：当在运动场中使用基于沙子的介质时，运动表面的稳定性可能成为一个问题。许多因素（例如粒度，粒度等级，形状，圆度，含水量和植物材料）可能会影响表面稳定性。这些因素在表面稳定性方面的相对重要性尚不清楚。这项研究的主要目的是定量评估砂粒的形状和圆度，以便就其对表面稳定性的贡献而言，可以将其与其他因素进行比较。根据视觉观察，使用泥工砂，混凝土砂，硅砂，碎砖和碎石覆盖各种形状和圆度。为了测试方法，我们使用玻璃珠作为基线。我们还压碎了玻璃制成非常有角度的样品。评估前，所有材料均应清除淤泥和粘土颗粒，并进行烘箱干燥。提出了粗糙度指数（Ir）作为相同体积的颗粒表面积与球体面积之比。通过用苯胺蓝染料涂覆材料并测量从颗粒表面洗掉的染料的光吸收来确定表面积。休止角，均匀系数（CU），摩擦系数（CF）和二维图像分析也包括在材料评估中。主成分分析表明，仅需要三个因素-休止角CU和Ir-即可解释导致砂基介质表面稳定性变化的98.5％。结果表明，用Ir可以表示砂粒的形状和圆度，它对确定材料之间的差异灵敏且方便。二维图像分析（返回形状因子，圆度和长宽比）无法充分分离各种沙子。

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