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首页> 外文会议>2000 National Poultry Waste Management Symposium, Oct 16-18, 2000, Ocean City, MD >POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES WITH A SAND-BASED LITTER
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POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES WITH A SAND-BASED LITTER

机译：砂基垃圾的潜在机会

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摘要

In most integrated poultry operations, logistical, operational and economical constraints necessitate the concentration of live broiler production farms within close proximity of the centralized hatchery, feed mill, and processing facilities. This efficiency driven structure often results in geographically dense poultry production regions with excessive demand on critical management inputs (labor, utilities, and bedding materials), as well as outputs (farm mortalities and manure). Commercially, virtually all broiler chickens in the United States are raised on the floor using some type of a bedding material (litter) to segregate and insulate birds from the ground or flooring, and to absorb excess moisture from the droppings and the drinkers. The nature, quantity and quality of the bedding material used varies greatly from region to region, based primarily on local availability and cost of agricultural by-products. Pine shavings and sawdust are currently the most predominant and preferred bedding materials for broiler production in the US. At times, a number of other materials are substituted regionally in place of pine products, including hardwood shavings (Carter et al., 1979), peanut hulls (Lien et al, 1998), bark (Dang et al., 1978), rice hulls (Veltmann et al., 1984), kenaf core (Malone et al., 1990), and straw (Hermes, 1996). Periodically, the byproducts of other industries have received interest as bedding materials, primarily driven by local recycling efforts and entrepreneurship. Products such as recycled or shredded paper (Blake and McDaniel, 1998; Lien et al., 1992; Malone and Chaloupka, 1983), ground drywall waste (Reed and Mitchell, 1997) and particle-board residue (Hester et al., 1997) have been field tested successfully (Hess et al., 2000). Basically, two broad factors triggered our interest in sand as a bedding material for broilers: 1) the lack of availability and/or high cost of wood-based products, primarily due to competition from alternative value-added uses, and 2) increasing restrictions on land application or disposal of used litter arising from emerging environmental issues and regulatory oversight. Growing chickens on sand is not a new or novel concept. Sand has been used as a bedding material for poultry in early days of the broiler industry in the US, and is currently being used in many countries around the world with limited forestry resources. Sand has also been used successfully by the dairy industry as a non-carbon based bedding material. Research conducted at the Department of Poultry Science at Auburn University for the past four years has examined the feasibility of using sand as a bedding material for broilers. The project has been carried out in two phases. The first phase involved comparison of sand with pine shavings in controlled replicated pen studies. In the second phase, sand is continued to be evaluated as a bedding material under commercial conditions.
机译：在大多数综合性家禽养殖场中，后勤，运营和经济方面的限制使得活鸡生产场必须集中在集中式孵化场，饲料厂和加工设施附近。这种以效率为导向的结构通常导致家禽生产区域地理密集，对关键管理投入（劳动力，公用事业和垫料）以及产出（农场死亡率和粪便）的需求过高。商业上，实际上，美国的所有肉鸡都使用某种垫料（垫料）在地板上饲养，以将禽类与地面或地板隔离和隔离，并从粪便和饮水器中吸收多余的水分。所使用床上用品的性质，数量和质量因地区而异，主要取决于当地的可得性和农业副产品的成本。松木屑和锯末目前是美国肉鸡生产中最主要和首选的铺垫材料。有时，许多其他材料在区域上代替松木产品，包括硬木刨花（Carter等人，1979），花生壳（Lien等人，1998），树皮（Dang等人，1978），大米船体（Veltmann等人，1984），洋麻芯（Malone等人，1990）和稻草（Hermes，1996）。周期性地，其他行业的副产品作为床上用品引起了人们的兴趣，这主要是由当地的回收工作和企业家精神推动的。产品包括再生纸或碎纸（Blake和McDaniel，1998； Lien等，1992； Malone和Chaloupka，1983），干墙废纸（Reed和Mitchell，1997）和刨花板残余物（Hester等，1997）。 ）已经成功地进行了现场测试（Hess等，2000）。基本上，有两个广泛的因素激发了我们对沙子作为肉鸡垫料的兴趣：1）主要由于与其他增值用途的竞争，木质产品缺乏可获得性和/或成本较高，以及2）限制越来越多关于由于新出现的环境问题和监管监督而引起的土地使用或废弃垃圾的处置。在沙滩上种鸡不是一个新概念。在美国肉鸡行业的早期，沙子已被用作家禽的垫料，目前，在林业资源有限的世界上许多国家/地区都使用沙子。沙也已被乳品行业成功用作非碳基垫料。在过去的四年里，奥本大学家禽科学系进行的一项研究已经检验了将沙子用作肉鸡垫料的可行性。该项目分两个阶段进行。第一阶段涉及在受控重复笔研究中比较沙子和松木屑。在第二阶段，继续在商业条件下评估砂子作为垫层材料。

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