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Ethical and IACUC Considerations Regarding Analgesia and Pain Management in Laboratory Rodents

机译：关于植物啮齿动物镇痛和疼痛管理的伦理和IACUC考虑

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Scientists have ethical and regulatory commitments to minimize pain and distress during their use of sentient laboratory animals. Here I discuss pain as a special form of distress and the long history of ethical and regulatory standards calling on scientists to prevent, minimize, treat or terminate animal pain. Scientists, veterinarians, and IACUC face 2 challenges: knowledge of effective analgesic doses and regimens for all sexes, ages and genotypes of rodent is incomplete, and concerns regarding the effects of analgesic drugs on research outcomes push scientists to request approval to withhold analgesics and leave animal pain unalleviated. IACUC thus conduct what I call an 'ethics of uncertainty,' in which they factor in the limits of available ethically relevant information on the amount of expected animal suffering, the usefulness of analgesics to mitigate this suffering, and the eventual benefits that come from the research. IACUC must factor in current limitations in severity assessments of various experimental manipulations in various strains, inaccurate pain diagnosis, in known effective analgesic and other refinements, and on effects of pain medications and untreated pain on data outcomes, when deciding to allow potentially painful experiments and animal care practices. This article focuses on 3 areas of concern: the limits of veterinary "professional judgment" when the animal model's degree of pain and the efficacy of pain medications are not yet known; the review of proposals with known, unalleviated significant pain and distress (that is, Category E experiments); and the attempt to review the balance between animal welfare harms and scientific objectives. I propose no new regulations, standards, or ethical norms herein but rather explore some of the implications when existing ethical principles are applied to evolving scientific knowledge (and vice versa). I conclude that applying current animal pain management knowledge to prevailing ethical principles will shift IACUC toward greater caution in allowing potentially painful animal experiments, with heightened caution regarding the ability of analgesics to mitigate the animals' pain.
机译：科学家有道德和监管承诺，以尽量减少患有患者实验室动物的痛苦和痛苦。在这里，我将痛苦视为一种特殊的痛苦形式和漫长的道德和监管标准历史，呼吁科学家预防，最小化，治疗或终止动物疼痛。科学家，兽医和IACUC面临2挑战：知识有效的镇痛剂量和所有性别的方案，啮齿动物的年龄和基因型都是不完整的，并且对镇痛药对研究结果的影响的担忧推动科学家要求批准核准镇痛药并离开动物疼痛未曝光。因此，IACUC因此，我称之为“不确定性的道德规范”，其中他们对有关痛苦的预期动物数量的可用惯例相关信息的限制，减轻这种痛苦的有用性，以及来自的最终福利研究。 IACUC必须考虑到各种菌株中各种实验操作的严重性评估的当前限制，在已知的有效镇痛药和其他改进中，以及在决定允许潜在的痛苦实验和疼痛药物结果上的止痛药和未处理疼痛的影响。动物护理实践。本文侧重于3个关注领域：当动物模型的疼痛程度和疼痛药物的疗效尚未知道时，兽医“专业判断”的限制;审查具有已知，未持有的显着疼痛和痛苦的提案（即类别实验）;并试图审查动物福利危害与科学目标之间的平衡。我提出了本文没有新的法规，标准或道德规范，而是探讨当存在现有的道德原则对不断发展的科学知识（反之亦然）时的一些影响。我得出结论，应用目前的动物疼痛管理知识，以普遍存在的道德原则将大规模致力于允许潜在的痛苦的动物实验，提高镇痛药能力减轻动物疼痛的能力。

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