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首页> 外文期刊>Computational particle mechanics >GPGPU-parallelized 3D combined finite-discrete element modelling of rock fracture with adaptive contact activation approach
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GPGPU-parallelized 3D combined finite-discrete element modelling of rock fracture with adaptive contact activation approach

机译：基于自适应接触激活方法的GPGPU平行化3D组合有限分元建模

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摘要

The combined finite-discrete element (FDEM) has become a well-accepted numerical technique to simulate the fracturing process of rocks under different loading conditions. However, the study on three-dimensional (3D) FDEM simulation of rock failure process is highly limited in comparison with that on two-dimensional (2D) FDEM simulations, which is due to the high computational cost of the 3D FDEM. This paper implements an adaptive contact activation approach and a mass scaling technique with critical viscous damping into a GPGPU-parallelized Y-HFDEM 2D/3D IDE code formally developed by the authors to further speed up 3D FDEM simulation besides GPGPU parallelization. It is proved that the 3D FDEM modelling with the adaptive contact activation approach is 10.8 times faster than that with the traditional full contact activation approach, while the obtained results show negligible differences. At least additional 25 times of speedups can be achieved by the mass scaling technique although further speedups are possible with bigger mass scaling coefficients chosen, which, however, will more and less affect the calculated results. Taking the advantage of the drastic speedups of the implemented adaptive contact activation approach and the mass scaling approach, the GPGPU-parallelized Y-HFDEM 3D IDE is then applied to model the fracture process of rocks in triaxial compression tests under various confining pressures. It is concluded that the GPGPU-parallelized Y-HFDEM 3D IDE is able to simulate all important characteristics of the complicated fracturing process in the triaxial compression tests of rocks including the transition from brittle to ductile behaviours of rocks with the increasing confining pressures. After that, some important aspects of the 3D FDEM simulation such as the effects of meshes, loading rates and model sizes are discussed. It is found that the mixed-mode I-II fractures are highly possible, i.e. very reasonable, failure mechanisms when unstructured meshes are used in the 3D FDEM simulation. For modelling rock fracture under quasi-static loading conditions using the 3D FDEM, the loading rate must be small enough, which is recommended to be no more than 0.2 m/s, to avoid its significant effects. Finally, it is concluded that the implementation of the adaptive contact activation approach and the mass scaling technique can further speed up 3D FDEM simulation besides the parallelization and the GPGPU-parallelized 3D IDE code with the further speedup is able to capture the complicated fracturing process of rocks under quasi-static loading conditions.
机译：合并的有限离散元件（FDEM）已成为一种良好的有关数值技术，以模拟不同负载条件下岩石的压裂过程。然而，与二维（2D）FDEM仿真相比，岩石破坏过程的三维（3D）FDEM模拟的研究非常有限，这是由于3D FDEM的高计算成本。本文实现了一种自适应接触激活方法和具有临界粘性阻尼的大规模缩放技术，进入正式由作者正式开发的GPGPUPALPLATALIZED Y-HFDEM 2D / 3D IDE代码，以进一步加速除了GPGPU并行化之外的3D FDEM模拟。事实证明，与传统的完全接触激活方法的速度快10.8倍，3D FDEM建模比具有传统的完整接触激活方法的速度快10.8倍，而获得的结果显示出可忽略的差异。尽管所选择的更大质量缩放系数可以进一步加速，但是通过大规模缩放技术可以实现至少额外的25倍的加速度，但是，所选择的更大的质量缩放系数可以越来越大地影响计算结果。利用实施的自适应接触激活方法的激烈加速和质量缩放方法的优势，然后应用GPGPU平行化的Y-HFDEM 3D IDE以在各种限制压力下模拟三轴压缩试验中的岩石的断裂过程。得出结论，GPGPUPALPALLEDIZED的Y-HFDEM 3D IDE能够在岩石的三轴压缩试验中模拟复杂的压裂过程的所有重要特征，包括从岩石的转变为岩石的韧性的延伸性。之后，讨论了3D FDEM模拟的一些重要方面，例如网格，加载速率和模型尺寸的效果。发现混合模式I-II裂缝是非常可能的，即非常合理的，失效机制，当非结构化网格用于3D FDEM模拟时。对于使用3D FDEM的准静态负载条件下建模岩体骨折，负载率必须足够小，建议不超过0.2米/秒，以避免其显着影响。最后，得出结论，自适应接触激活方法的实施和质量缩放技术可以进一步加速3D FDEM模拟，除了并行化和GPGPU相行的3D IDE代码以及进一步加速的3D外部代码能够捕获复杂的压裂过程在准静态装载条件下的岩石。

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