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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Compliance with and ecosystem function of biodiversity offsets in North American and European freshwaters
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Compliance with and ecosystem function of biodiversity offsets in North American and European freshwaters

机译：北美和欧洲鲜水中生物多样性抵消的遵守和生态系统功能

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摘要

Land-use change via human development is a major driver of biodiversity loss. To reduce these impacts, billions of dollars are spent on biodiversity offsets. However, studies evaluating offset project effectiveness that examine components such as the overall compliance and function of projects remain rare. We reviewed 577 offsetting projects in freshwater ecosystems that included the metrics project size, type of aquatic system (e.g., wetland and creek), offsetting measure (e.g., enhancement, restoration, and creation), and an assessment of the projects' compliance and functional success. Project information was obtained from scientific and government databases and gray literature. Despite considerable investment in offsetting projects, crucial problems persisted. Although compliance and function were related to each other, a high level of compliance did not guarantee a high degree of function. However, large projects relative to area had better function than small projects. Function improved when projects targeted productivity or specific ecosystem features and when multiple complementary management targets were in place. Restorative measures were more likely to achieve targets than creating entirely new ecosystems. Altogether the relationships we found highlight specific ecological processes that may help improve offsetting outcomes.
机译：通过人类发展的土地利用变化是生物多样性损失的主要驱动因素。为了减少这些影响，花费数十亿美元用于生物多样性抵消。然而，研究评估抵消项目有效性，检查项目的总体遵守和项目的组件仍然很少见。我们在淡水生态系统中审查了577个抵消项目，包括指数项目规模，水生系统类型（例如，湿地和溪），抵消措施（例如，增强，恢复和创造），以及项目的合规性和功能的评估成功。项目信息是从科学和政府数据库和灰色文学获得的。尽管对抵消项目有相当大的投资，但仍然存在至关重要的问题。虽然合规性和功能彼此相关，但高水平的合规性并不能保证高度的功能。然而，相对于区域的大型项目具有比小项目更好的功能。当项目有针对性的生产率或特定生态系统特征以及多个互补管理目标到位时，功能改进。恢复措施更有可能实现目标而不是创造完全新的生态系统。完全建立了我们发现的关系突出了可能有助于改善抵消结果的具体生态过程。

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