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Effectiveness of management zoning designed for flagship species in protecting sympatric species

机译：旗舰物种保护分区管理分区的有效性

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Flagship species have been used widely as umbrella species (i.e., species with large home range whose protection often provides protection for sympatric species) in the management of China's nature reserves. This conflation of flagship and umbrella species is best represented by the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and other large, endangered mammals designated as conservation targets in site selection and planning of reserves. Few empirical studies have tested the effectiveness of flagship species as surrogates for a broader range of sympatric species. Using extensive camera-trap data, we examined the effectiveness of management zones designated to protect flagship (target) species in conserving sympatric species in 4 wildlife reserves (Gutianshan, Changqing, Laohegou, and Wolong). We tested whether the progression from peripheral to core zones was associated with an increasing habitat association for both target and sympatric species. The distribution patterns of the study species across the zones in each reserve indicated a disparity between management zones and the species' habitat requirements. Management zone was included in the final model for all target species, and most of them had higher occurrence in core zones relative to less-protected zones, but zone was not a predictor for most of the sympatric species. When management zone was associated with the occurrence of sympatric species, threatened species generally had higher detections in core zones, whereas common species had higher detections outside of the core zone. Our results suggested that reserve planning based on flagship species does not adequately protect sympatric species due to their specialized habitat requirements. We recommend re-examining the effectiveness of management zoning and urge a multispecies and reserve-wide monitoring plan to improve protection of China's wildlife.
机译：旗舰物种已被广泛使用，作为伞物种（即，具有大型家庭范围的物种，其保护经常为合并物种提供保护），在中国的自然保护区管理中。这种旗舰和伞物种的混合是由巨大的熊猫（Ailuropoda Melanoleuca）和其他大型濒危哺乳动物代表的最优秀，被指定为储量的场地选择和规划的保护目标。少数实证研究已经测试了旗舰物种作为替代品的替代品的有效性，以获得更广泛的分组物种。使用广泛的相机陷阱数据，我们检查了管理区指定以保护4种野生动物储备（Gutianshan，Changqing，Laohegou和Wolong）保护Sympatric物种的旗舰（目标）物种的有效性。我们测试了外围到核心区的进展是否与患有目标和分组物种的增加的栖息地关联有关。每个储备区跨区域的研究种类的分布模式表明了管理区与物种的栖息地要求之间的差异。管理区包含在所有目标物种的最终模型中，并且大多数在核心区域相对于较少保护的区域遇到较高的核心区，但大多数分组物种都不是预测因子。当管理区与分组物种的发生有关时，威胁物种通常在核心区的检测中通常具有更高的检测，而核心区的常见物种具有更高的检测。我们的结果表明，由于其专业栖息地要求，基于旗舰物种的储备计划不会充分保护合并症物种。我们建议重新审查管理分区的有效性，并敦促多数和储备范围的监测计划，以改善中国野生动物保护。

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