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Epigenetic biomarkers: Current strategies and future challenges for their use in the clinical laboratory

机译:表观遗传生物标志物:目前策略和未来临床实验室使用的挑战

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摘要

Epigenetic modifications and regulators represent potential molecular elements which control relevant physiological and pathological features, thereby contributing to the natural history of human disease. These epigenetic modulators can be employed as disease biomarkers, since they show several advantages and provide information about gene function, thus explaining differences among patient endophenotypes. In addition, epigenetic biomarkers can incorporate information regarding the effects of the environment and lifestyle on health and disease, and monitor the effect of applied therapies. Technologies used to analyze these epigenetic biomarkers are constantly improving, becoming much easier to use. Laboratory professionals can easily acquire experience and techniques are becoming more affordable. A high number of epigenetic biomarker candidates are being continuously proposed, making now the moment to adopt epigenetics in the clinical laboratory and convert epigenetic marks into reliable biomarkers. In this review, we describe some current promising epigenetic biomarkers and technologies being applied in clinical practice. Furthermore, we will discuss some laboratory strategies and kits to accelerate the adoption of epigenetic biomarkers into clinical routine. The likelihood is that over time, better markers will be identified and will likely be incorporated into future multi-target assays that might help to optimize its application in a clinical laboratory. This will improve cost-effectiveness, and consequently encourage the development of theragnosis and the application of precision medicine.
机译:表观遗传修饰和调节剂代表了控制相关生理和病理特征的潜在分子元素,从而有助于人类疾病的自然历史。这些表观遗传调节剂可以用作疾病生物标志物,因为它们显示出几种优点并提供有关基因功能的信息,从而解释患者内肠素之间的差异。此外,表观遗传生物标志物可以包含有关环境和生活方式对健康和疾病的影响的信息,并监测应用疗法的效果。用于分析这些表观遗传生物标志物的技术不断改进,变得更加容易使用。实验室专业人员可以轻松获得经验,技术变得更加实惠。正在连续提出大量的表观遗传生物标志物候选,现在在临床实验室中采用表观遗传学并将表观遗传标记转化为可靠的生物标志物。在本综述中,我们描述了一些目前在临床实践中应用的有前途的表观遗传生物标志物和技术。此外,我们将讨论一些实验室策略和试剂盒,以加速将表观遗传生物标志物采用临床常规。可能性随着时间的推移,将识别出更好的标记,并且可能被纳入未来的多目标测定,这可能有助于优化其在临床实验室中的应用。这将提高成本效益,从而提高疗效的发展和精密药物的应用。

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