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Development of a cryogen-free continuous ADR for the constellation-X mission

机译：开发用于X星座的无制冷剂连续ADR

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Constellation-X is a multi-satellite X-ray astronomy mission presently being planned for launch in the 2010 time frame. Each of four identical satellites will contain a telescope and instruments for imaging and spectroscopic analysis of hard and soft X-rays. The X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer (XMS) instrument will use arrays of microcalorimeters to detect X-rays with energies from 0.2 to 6 keV. To achieve the desired energy resolution of 2 eV, the detectors will be cooled to 50 mK. The projected cooling power requirement is approximately 5 uW. In order to meet the mission lifetime requirement of 6 years (with a goal of 10 years), a mechanical cryocooler will be used to provide a heat sink for the low temperature cooler. In this paper we discuss the development of a continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (CADR) that meets the cooling requirements of the XMS instrument. The four-stage CADR presently being tested can operate continuously at 50 mK using a 4.2 K helium bath as a heat sink. Its cooling power of 6 muW at 50 mK exceeds the XMS requirement, and its peak heat rejection rate is less than 7 mW. Details of the CADR's design and operation, as well as the development program leading up to a flight-qualified instrument, are discussed.
机译：Constellation-X是一项多卫星X射线天文学任务，目前计划在2010年的时间范围内发射。四个相同的卫星中的每一个都将包含一个望远镜和用于对硬X射线和软X射线进行成像和光谱分析的仪器。 X射线微热量计光谱仪（XMS）仪器将使用微热量计阵列检测能量为0.2至6 keV的X射线。为了达到2 eV的所需能量分辨率，检测器将冷却至50 mK。预计的冷却功率要求约为5 uW。为了满足6年的任务寿命要求（目标是10年），将使用机械式低温冷却器为低温冷却器提供散热器。在本文中，我们讨论了满足XMS仪器冷却要求的连续绝热去磁制冷机（CADR）的开发。目前正在测试的四级CADR可以使用4.2 K氦浴作为散热器在50 mK下连续运行。它在50 mK时的冷却功率为6μW，超过了XMS的要求，其峰值散热率小于7 mW。讨论了CADR的设计和操作细节，以及导致飞行合格的仪器的开发计划。

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