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首页> 外文期刊>Crop Protection >Evaluation of the effect of foliar application of kaolin clay and calcium carbonate on populations of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Tahiti lime
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Evaluation of the effect of foliar application of kaolin clay and calcium carbonate on populations of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Tahiti lime

机译：高岭土粘土和碳酸钙对塔希特石灰（Healphorina Citri（Hemiptera：Liviidae）种群的叶片粘土和碳酸钙的影响

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Diaphorina citri Kuwuyama is one of the main concerns of citrus growers in the tropics because it is the pest responsible for transmitting citrus greening. The use of biorational insecticides has gained importance as an alternative for the control of arthropod populations in horticultural crops. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the foliar application of kaolin clay and calcium carbonate particle films on populations of D. citri as well as to estimate the effect of kaolin on physiological variables, such as photosynthesis, leaf temperature, relative chlorophyll content and PSII efficiency, in Citrus latifolia Tanaka trees. One set of experiments (two separate experiments) was conducted in two different municipalities (Apulo and Jerusalen, Cundinamarca, Colombia) to evaluate the effect of foliar kaolin clay sprays. Also, two repeat experiments were carried in two different farms in the municipality of Jerusalen to assess the efficacy of foliar calcium carbonate application. In all cases, a statistical design in series of experiments with analysis in different localities arranged in randomized blocks (four blocks) was used. In the kaolin clay experiment, population levels of Asian citrus psyllid were assessed in citrus trees treated with insecticide (imidacloprid) or kaolin clay and compared to population levels in control trees (no treatment). In the calcium carbonate experiment, populations of psyllid were assessed in citrus treated with calcium carbonate and compared to populations in control trees (no treatment). Foliar kaolin clay sprays showed lower population levels of adults (0.4 vs 1.1 individuals per flush), nymphs (0.5 vs 1.1 individuals per flush) and eggs (1.3 vs 4.3 individuals per flush) in comparison to control trees over the eight week study. The calcium carbonate sprays also diminished the number of adults (0.5 vs 1.0), nymphs (5.0 vs 10) and eggs (4.0 vs 7.5) per flush at the end of experiment. Foliar applications of kaolin clay were as effective as imidacloprid for reducing populations of psyllid eggs. The use of kaolin reduced the photosynthetic rate of citrus trees by 25% compared to the other control and imidacloprid treatments (4.0 vs. 5.2 mu mol m(-2)s(-1), respectively). Leaf temperature was reduced by approximately 5 degrees C in trees treated with kaolin clay. Significant differences in relative chlorophyll content (SPAD readings) and PSII efficiency (F-v/F-m ratio) were not observed. In conclusion, the use of inert particles based on kaolin clay and calcium carbonate can be considered a control strategy within an integrated management program of D. cirri because they showed repellent characteristics, primarily against oviposition. The use of kaolin can also help regulate leaf temperature, especially when episodes of heat stress are expected.
机译：Diaphorina Citri Kuwuyama是柑橘种植者在热带地区的主要关注点之一，因为它是对传播柑橘绿化的害虫。使用生物杀虫剂的使用是在园艺作物中控制节肢动物群体的替代方案。本研究的目的是评估高岭土和碳酸钙粒子膜对D.Citri群的叶面施用，以及估计高岭土对生理变量的影响，例如光合作用，叶温，相对叶绿素含量和psii效率，在柑橘拉脱葡萄球菌树木。一组实验（两个单独的实验）是在两个不同的市政当局（Apulo和Jerusalen，Cundinamarca，Colombia）中进行的，以评估叶酸高岭土喷雾的作用。此外，在耶路撒冷市的两种不同农场中携带两次重复实验，以评估叶酸碳酸钙应用的功效。在所有情况下，使用统计设计串联实验，该实验在随机块（四个嵌段）中排列的不同地点分析。在高岭土粘土实验中，在用杀虫剂（吡虫啉）或高岭土粘土处理的柑橘树中评估亚洲柑橘类氏植物的人口水平，并与对照树（无处理）的人口水平相比。在碳酸钙实验中，在用碳酸钙处理的柑橘中评估饲养群，并与对照树中的群体进行比较（无处理）。叶酸高岭土粘土喷雾显示人口较低的成人水平（每次冲洗0.4 vs 1.1个体），若虫（每冲洗0.5 vs 1.1个体）和鸡蛋（每次冲洗1.3 vs 4.3个体），与在八周的研究中进行控制树木。碳酸钙喷雾剂还减少了在实验结束时每次冲洗的成人（0.5 Vs 1.0），若虫（5.0 vs 10）和鸡蛋（4.0 Vs 7.5）的数量。高岭土的叶片应用与吡虫啉一样有效，减少饲料蛋白卵的群体。与其他对照和吡虫啉处理相比，使用高岭土的光合速率将柑橘树木的光合速率降低了25％（4.0与5.2μmmolm（-2）s（-1））。用高岭土粘土处理的树木减少了叶温约5℃。未观察到相对叶绿素含量（SPAD读数）和PSII效率（F-V / F-M比率）的显着差异。总之，基于高岭土和碳酸钙的惰性颗粒的使用可以在D.CriCri的综合管理方案中被认为是一种控制策略，因为它们显示出驱动特性，主要针对产卵。高岭土的使用还可以帮助调节叶片温度，特别是当预期热应激剧集时。

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