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Regulation of muscle protein synthesis in humans

机译:人体肌蛋白合成的调节

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Purpose of review Investigations into the regulation of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) are a cornerstone of understanding the control of muscle mass. Rates of MPS are finely tuned according to levels of activity, nutrient availability and health status. For instance, rates of MPS are positively regulated by exercise and nutrition, and negatively regulated by inactivity (e.g. disuse), ageing (i.e. sarcopenia) and in muscle-wasting related diseases (e.g. cancer). Recent findings Skeletal muscles display a high degree of intrinsic regulation. Increases in MPS after exercise occur independently of the systemic milieu for example growth hormone/testosterone concentrations. In the absence of exercise, increases in MPS after feeding are of finite duration despite enduring precursor availability; that is muscles can sense they are 'full'. Intriguingly, exercise delays this 'muscle-full' response to allow for building and repair. In contrast, muscle-wasting conditions exhibit a premature 'muscle-full' response to nutrition and exercise (i.e. anabolic resistance), which may cause atrophy. Observations of 'dissociations' between MPS and anabolic signalling pathways have cast doubt on how much we understand of the molecular regulation of human MPS. Anabolic and anticatabolic interventions in health and disease should be aimed at manipulating the 'muscle-full' set point to maximize muscle maintenance/hypertrophy.
机译:审查调查进入肌肉蛋白质合成(MPS)的调节是理解肌肉质量控制的基石。 MPS的速率根据活动水平,营养可用性和健康状况精细调整。例如,MPS的速率通过运动和营养积极调节,并且通过不活跃(例如废弃物),老化(即SARCOPENIA)和肌肉浪费相关疾病(例如癌症)来阳性调节。最近的发现骨骼肌显示出高度的内在调节程度。运动后的MPS增加,在运动后独立于系统性Milieu,例如生长激素/睾酮浓度。在没有运动的情况下,尽管持久的前体可用性,喂养后的MPS增加了有限持续时间;这是肌肉可以感觉到他们是'完全'。有趣的,运动延误这种“肌肉充分”的回应,以便建设和修理。相比之下,肌肉浪费条件表现出对营养和运动的过早的“肌肉完全”反应(即代谢抗性),这可能导致萎缩。对MPS和合成代谢信号通知途径之间的“解离”的观察令我们怀疑我们理解人体MPS的分子调控。健康和疾病的合成代谢性和抗真相糊化干预措施应旨在操纵“肌肉完全”设定点,以最大化肌肉维护/肥大。

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