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首页> 外文期刊>Current opinion in gastroenterology >Stem cells as common ancestors in a colorectal cancer ancestral tree.
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Stem cells as common ancestors in a colorectal cancer ancestral tree.

机译：干细胞作为结直肠癌祖先树中的常见祖先。

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cancer is thought to be an evolutionary process. Modern studies of evolution increasingly rely on genome comparisons, and similar molecular phylogeny approaches could be translated to somatic cell genomes to reconstruct colorectal cancer progression. The purpose of this review is to outline how human somatic cell ancestral trees can organize many old and new observations. RECENT FINDINGS: A somatic cell tree starts from the zygote and ends with present day normal or neoplastic cells. In between are ancestors and dead ends, which functionally correspond to stem and nonstem cells. Cancer genome projects illustrate that mutations are relatively infrequent, and consistent with normal mutation rates, particularly if mutations begin to accumulate from birth. Therefore, some mutations eventually found in cancers may first occur in normal appearing crypts, which are maintained by niches that allow for stem cell clonal evolution and selection. Although mutations occur too infrequently to function as somatic cell molecular clocks, potentially more labile epigenetic changes in CpG methylation may also record somatic cell ancestry. SUMMARY: Somatic cell evolution can occur throughout life, and potentially at least some of this unseen past may be reconstructed by 'reading' the lifetime changes that accumulate within our genomes.
机译：审查目的：癌症被认为是进化过程。现代对进化的研究越来越依赖于基因组比较，并且可以将类似的分子系统发育方法转化为体细胞基因组，以重建结肠直肠癌进展。本综述的目的是概述人类细胞祖先树木如何组织许多旧的和新的观察。最近的发现：一棵体细胞树从受精卵开始，并以当今正常或肿瘤细胞结束。介于两者之间，并且在功能上对应于茎和非系统细胞。癌症基因组项目说明突变相对罕见，与正常突变率一致，特别是如果突变开始从出生中积累。因此，最终在癌症中发现的一些突变可能首先在正常出现的隐窝中发生，其由允许干细胞克隆演化和选择的耐药物维持。虽然突变过度发生过常识，以用作体细胞分子钟，但CpG甲基化的可能更加不稳定的表观遗传变化也可能记录体细胞血管血管。发明内容：整个寿命中可以发生体细胞进化，并且可能至少通过“读取”在我们的基因组内积聚的寿命变化来重建这些看不见的过去。

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