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The effect of citrate and phosphocitrate on struvite spontaneous precipitation

机译：柠檬酸和磷酸柠檬酸对鸟粪石自发沉淀的影响

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摘要

The effect of citrate and phosphocitrate ions on the spontaneous precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH4PO4-6H(2)O, struvite) at pH 8.50 and 25 degrees C was investigated at conditions of constant solution supersaturation. The supersaturated solutions were prepared in synthetic wastewater. The presence of citrate and phosphocitrate in the working solutions showed reduction of the initial rates of struvite precipitation when compared with solutions in their absence. The parabolic dependence of the rates of precipitation on the relative solution supersaturation suggested a surface-diffusion-controlled mechanism. Presence of citrate and phosphocitrate in the supersaturated solutions at concentration levels from I to 10 mu M resulted in a drastic increase in induction times. The presence of citrate and phosphocitrate inhibited struvite precipitation up to 75-80%. The reduction of precipitation rates was related to additive concentration following an expression suggested by the kinetic Langmuir-type adsorption model. The affinity constant calculated for citrate (8.2 x 10(5)) was considerably higher than the respective value for phosphocitrate (0.6 x 10(5)). Finally, it should be noted that the morphology of the prismatic, elongated struvite crystals precipitated in the presence of citrate and in the presence of phosphocitrate showed differences only in size.
机译：在恒定溶液过饱和条件下，研究了柠檬酸和磷酸柠檬酸根离子对六水合磷酸铵镁（MgNH4PO4-6H（2）O，鸟粪石）在pH 8.50和25°C下自发沉淀的影响。在合成废水中制备了过饱和溶液。与不存在的溶液相比，工作溶液中柠檬酸和柠檬酸的存在降低了鸟粪石沉淀的初始速率。沉淀速率对相对溶液过饱和的抛物线依赖性表明表面扩散控制机制。过饱和溶液中柠檬酸和磷酸柠檬酸的浓度为1至10μM，导致诱导时间急剧增加。柠檬酸盐和磷酸柠檬酸盐的存在抑制鸟粪石沉淀高达75-80％。动力学兰格缪尔型吸附模型提出的表达式表明，沉淀速率的降低与添加剂浓度有关。柠檬酸根的亲和常数（8.2 x 10（5））大大高于柠檬酸根的相应值（0.6 x 10（5））。最后，应该指出的是，在柠檬酸盐存在下和在磷酸柠檬酸盐存在下沉淀的棱柱形细长鸟粪石晶体的形态仅显示出大小差异。

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