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首页> 外文期刊>Addiction biology >Stress augments the rewarding memory of cocaine via the activation of brainstem‐reward circuitry
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Stress augments the rewarding memory of cocaine via the activation of brainstem‐reward circuitry

机译：压力通过脑干奖励电路的激活增强了可卡因的奖励记忆

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Abstract Effects of stress on the reward system are well established in the literature. Although previous studies have revealed that stress can reinstate extinguished addictive behaviors related to cocaine, the effects of stress on the rewarding memory of cocaine are not fully understood. Here, we provide evidence that stress potentiates the expression of rewarding memory of cocaine via the activation of brainstem‐reward circuitry using a cocaine‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm combined with restraint stress in rats. The rats exposed to 30‐minute restraint stress immediately before posttest exhibited significantly larger CPP scores compared with non‐stressed rats. Intra‐laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) microinjection of a β or α2 adrenoceptor antagonist attenuated the stress‐induced enhancement of cocaine CPP. Consistent with this observation, intra‐LDT microinjection of a β or α2 adrenoceptor agonist before posttest increased cocaine CPP. Additionally, intra‐ventral tegmental area (VTA) microinjection of antagonists for the muscarinic acetylcholine, nicotinic acetylcholine or glutamate receptors attenuated the stress‐induced enhancement of cocaine CPP. Finally, intra‐medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) microinjection of a D1 receptor antagonist also reduced the stress‐induced enhancement of cocaine CPP. These findings suggest a mechanism wherein the LDT is activated by noradrenergic input from the locus coeruleus, leading to the activation of VTA dopamine neurons via both cholinergic and glutamatergic transmission and the subsequent excitation of the mPFC to enhance the memory of cocaine‐induced reward value.
机译：摘要压力对奖励制度的影响在文献中得到了很好的成熟。虽然以前的研究表明，压力可以恢复与可卡因相关的灭火成瘾行为，但压力对可卡因奖励记忆的影响尚未完全理解。在这里，我们提供了通过使用可卡因诱导的条件的地方偏好（CPP）范式联合大鼠约束力应力，通过激活脑干奖励电路的激活来提高脑干奖励电路的奖励记忆的表达。与非应激大鼠相比，在后塔最多表现出明显较大的CPP评分之前，大鼠暴露于30分钟的约束力胁迫。 β或α2肾上腺素受体拮抗剂的β或α2肾上腺素受体拮抗剂的尿液内核（LDT）显微注射减弱了可卡因CPP的应力诱导的增强。与该观察结果一致，在后塔增加的可卡因CPP之前，β或α2肾上腺素受体激动剂的LDT内部显微注射。另外，腹腔内的肾上腺素拮抗剂内部（VTA）对毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱，烟碱乙酰胆碱或谷氨酸受体的显微注射率减弱了可卡因CPP的应力诱导的增强。最后，内侧前额叶皮质（MPFC）D1受体拮抗剂的显微注射也降低了可卡因CPP的应力诱导的增强。这些发现表明，LDT由来自轨迹Coeruleus的诺甲肾上腺素能输入激活，导致VTA多巴胺神经元通过胆碱能和谷氨酸盐传递和随后的MPFC激发激活，以增强可卡因诱导的奖励值的记忆。

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