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How to include socio-economic considerations in decision-making on agricultural biotechnology? Two models from Kenya and South Africa

机译：如何在农业生物技术决策中包括社会经济考虑因素？ 来自肯尼亚和南非的两种模型

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This article contributes to the debate about how regulatory science for agricultural technologies can be 'opened up' for a more diverse set of concerns and knowledges. The article focuses on the regulation of 'socio-economic considerations' for genetically modified organisms. While numerous countries have declared their intent to include these considerations in biotechnology decision-making, it is currently unclear both what counts as a socio-economic consideration and how such considerations should be assessed. This article provides greater clarity about how socio-economic considerations can be included in regulations by drawing upon the experience of two countries whose efforts in this field are particularly advanced: Kenya and South Africa. Based on extensive fieldwork, this article identifies the contours of an emerging regulatory regime by presenting two practice-based models for including socio-economic considerations in biotechnology decision-making. Whereas Kenya has taken a bottom-up process prior to assessing the first technologies and strongly emphasises scientific expertise, South Africa has instead established regulatory standards in an ad hoc fashion on a case-to-case basis, with a less prominent role for scientific evidence. The discussion of the distinct characteristics and tensions of both models provides insight into two potential pathways for including socio-economic considerations in the regulation of agricultural technologies.
机译：本文有助于辩论关于农业技术的监管科学如何为更多样化的担忧和知识，可以“开放”。文章侧重于对转基因生物的“社会经济考虑”的监管。虽然众多国家宣布入门在生物技术决策中包含这些考虑，但目前不清楚这两者都是社会经济审议以及如何评估这些考虑因素。本文通过吸引本领域努力特别先进的两国的经验：肯尼亚和南非的经验，提供了更加清晰的认识基于广泛的实地，本文通过提出基于两种实践的模型来确定新出现的监管制度的轮廓，以包括生物技术决策中的社会经济考虑因素。虽然肯尼亚在评估了第一批技术之前采取了自下而上的过程，并且强烈强调科学专业知识，南非在案例的基础上以临时时尚建立了监管标准，对科学证据具有较小的作用。对两种模型的不同特征和紧张局势的讨论提供了对包括农业技术监管中的社会经济考虑的两个潜在途径的洞察力。

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