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首页> 外文期刊>Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment: An International Journal for Scientific Research on the Relationship of Agriculture and Food Production to the Biosphere >Long-term (1980-2010) changes in cropland phosphorus budgets, use efficiency and legacy pools across townships in the Yongan watershed, eastern China
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Long-term (1980-2010) changes in cropland phosphorus budgets, use efficiency and legacy pools across townships in the Yongan watershed, eastern China

机译：长期（1980-2010）农田磷预算的变化，在中国东南部的乡镇乡镇使用效率和遗留池

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Quantitative information on cropland phosphorus (P) flows at the township scale is critical for developing sustainable P management measures under the smallholder farming system. This study addressed changes in cropland soil surface P budgets (i.e., net of P inputs and crop outputs), use efficiencies (i.e., the ratio between crop P uptake and total P input) and legacy P pools across 21 townships in the Yongan watershed of eastern China in 1980-2010. For the entire watershed, total P input (>98% from synthetic fertilizer and farmyard manure), crop uptake and budgets per cropland area increased from 50.4, 17.3 and 33.1 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1) in 1980 to 74.6, 20.5 and 55.1 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1) in 1995, and then sharply declined to 39.6, 11.4 and 28.2 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1) in 2010, respectively. Estimated P use efficiency decreased from 34% in 1980 to 26% in 1999 before slightly increasing to 28% in 2010. Although the 21 townships had similar temporal variations over the 1980-2010 period, P budgets and use efficiency showed 2-3-fold spatial variability among townships within a given year. Spatio-temporal variations in the P budget and use efficiency were mainly related to changes in P fertilization rates and patterns (i.e., ratio of applied synthetic fertilizer P and farmyard manure P) and cropland types. The 20 townships having soil data had 87-720% and 113-395% increases of Olsen-P and total P contents in the upper 20 cm of cropland soils between 1984 and 2009, respectively. Increased soil TP level between 1984 and 2009 suggested that more than 53-79% of the cumulative P budget accumulated as legacy P pools in cropland soils. Based on regression analyses, legacy soil P contribution to annual crop P uptake was estimated to increase from 0.47 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1) (3%) in 1980 to 3.45 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1) (31%) in 2010, with 52-80% from synthetic fertilizer and 2-46% from farmyard manure. Improved utilization of soil legacy P pools for crop production and increasing P use efficiency are necessary to minimize P inputs and reduce nonpoint source P pollution load. The high spatial heterogeneity in P budgets and use efficiencies across townships, as well as considerable legacy soil P pools after long-term over-application, should be considered in developing P management strategies under smallholder farm systems. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：乡镇规模的农田磷（P）流量的定量信息对于在小农农业制度下发展可持续的P管理措施至关重要。本研究解决了农田土壤面积P预算的变化（即P输入和作物输出的净），使用效率（即作物P进料和总P输入之间的比率）和延伸地区的21个乡镇的遗产P池中国东部1980 - 2010年。对于整个流域，总P输入（> 98％来自合成肥料和农家粪便），每位农田面积的作物摄取和预算从1980年增加到48.4，17.3和33.1千克（-1）克（-1）增加到74.6 1995年20.5和55.1 kg P ha（-1）Yr（-1），然后分别在2010年急剧下降至39.6,11.4和28.2千克（-1）YR（-1）。估计的P使用效率从1980年的34％减少到1999年的26％，之前略微增加到2010年的28％。虽然21个乡镇在1980 - 2010年期间的时间变化相似，P预算和使用效率显示2-3倍在给定年内的乡镇空间变异性。 P预算和使用效率的时空变化主要与P施肥率和模式的变化有关（即，应用合成肥P和养牛器P的比例，粪便粪便P）和农作物类型。 2084年至2009年间，占土壤数据的20个乡镇的土壤数据具有87-720％和113-395％和113-395％的蛋白-p和植物上部耕地土壤中的全部P含量。 1984年至2009年之间的土壤TP水平增加表明，超过53-79％的累积P预算累计作为农田土壤的遗产P池。基于回归分析，估计1980年的0.47千克（-1）（-1）（3％）增加到每年作业P贡献的贡献为3.45kg p ha（-1）yr（ - 1）（31％）2010年，合成肥52-80％，养牛肥料为2-46％。需要提高土壤传统P池进行作物生产和增加P使用效率，以最大限度地减少P输入并减少非点源P污染负荷。在小型校长农场制度下，应考虑在小型校长策略中考虑在乡镇预算中的高空间异质性，以及乡镇跨越乡镇的使用效率，以及长期过度申请后的遗产土壤P池。 （c）2016年Elsevier B.v.保留所有权利。

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