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Transport Limited Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanowires

机译：氧化锌纳米线的运输受限生长

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摘要

Vertical arrays of crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires grown on various substrates find applications in dyesensitized and hybrid organic/inorganic bulk-heterojunction solar cells. The ability to grow dense nanowires at high rates and the fundamental understanding of the growth process are important for these applications. Herein, we show that heterogeneous growth of ZnO nanowires on substrates seeded with ZnO nanoparticles in an aqueous solution of methenamine and zinc nitrate is mass transport limited. Mass transport limited growth leads to an inverse relationship between the nanowire dimensions (height and diameter) and the nanowire number density. This mass transport limitation also leads to nonuniform growth near the boundaries between seeded and unseeded regions. Stirring the reaction solution increases the nanowire growth rate. Experimental results were interpreted within the framework of two simple but nontrivial models of the solution phase species transport and the nanowire growth. Additionally, it was determined that the anisotropic growth is due to the intrinsic growth kinetics of the (10 (1) over bar0) and (000 =1) surfaces of ZnO in zinc nitrate and methenamine and not due to the growth process being mass transport limited as previously suggested.
机译：在各种基板上生长的晶体氧化锌（ZnO）纳米线的垂直阵列可用于染料敏化和混合有机/无机体-异质结太阳能电池。对于这些应用而言，以高速率生长致密纳米线的能力以及对生长过程的基本了解至关重要。在本文中，我们表明，在二甲基亚胺和硝酸锌的水溶液中，ZnO纳米线在用ZnO纳米粒子播种的基板上的异质生长受到质量传输的限制。传质受限的增长导致纳米线尺寸（高度和直径）与纳米线数密度之间成反比关系。这种大众运输的局限性还导致了种子和非种子区域之间边界附近的不均匀生长。搅拌反应溶液可增加纳米线的生长速率。在溶液相物种迁移和纳米线生长的两个简单但非平凡的模型的框架内解释了实验结果。此外，已确定各向异性生长是由于硝酸锌和亚甲基苯胺中ZnO的（10（1）在bar0）和（000 = 1）表面的固有生长动力学，而不是由于生长过程是质量传输如先前建议的那样限制。

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