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首页> 外文期刊>Advances in anatomy embryology and cell biology. >XEN and the Art of Stem Cell Maintenance: Molecular Mechanisms Maintaining Cell Fate and Self-Renewal in Extraembryonic Endoderm Stem (XEN) Cell Lines
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XEN and the Art of Stem Cell Maintenance: Molecular Mechanisms Maintaining Cell Fate and Self-Renewal in Extraembryonic Endoderm Stem (XEN) Cell Lines

机译：Xen与干细胞维持艺术：在超结块内胚层茎（Xen）细胞系中维持细胞命运和自我更新的分子机制

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摘要

The extraembryonic endoderm is one of the first cell types specified during mammalian development. This extraembryonic lineage is known to play multiple important roles throughout mammalian development, including guiding axial patterning and inducing formation of the first blood cells during embryogenesis. Moreover, recent studies have uncovered striking conservation between mouse and human embryos during the stages when extraembryonic endoderm cells are first specified, in terms of both gene expression and morphology. Therefore, mouse embryos serve as an excellent model for understanding the pathways that maintain extraembryonic endoderm cell fate. In addition, self-renewing multipotent stem cell lines, called XEN cells, have been derived from the extraembryonic endoderm of mouse embryos. Mouse XEN cell lines provide an additional tool for understanding the basic mechanisms that contribute to maintaining lineage potential, a resource for identifying how extraembryonic ectoderm specifies fetal cell types, and serve as a paradigm for efforts to establish human equivalents. Given the potential conservation of essential extraembryonic endoderm roles, human XEN cells would provide a considerable advance. However, XEN cell lines have not yet been successfully derived from human embryos. Given the potential utility of human XEN cell lines, this chapter focuses on reviewing the mechanisms known to govern the stem cell properties of mouse XEN, in hopes of facilitating new ways to establish human XEN cell lines.
机译：extraembryonic nododerm是哺乳动物开发期间指定的第一类细胞类型之一。众所周知，这种突出的血统在哺乳动物发展中发挥多重重要作用，包括在胚胎发生期间引导轴向图案化和诱导第一血细胞的形成。此外，当首先在基因表达和形态方面，当首先指定外ronybryerCerm细胞时，最近的研究在阶段内发现了小鼠和人胚之间的引人注目的保护。因此，小鼠胚胎用作理解维持体外内胚层细胞命运的途径的优秀模型。此外，已衍生自我更新的多能干细胞系，称为Xen细胞，其来自小鼠胚胎的超结晶结块。 Mouse Xen Cell系列提供了一种额外的工具，用于理解有助于维护谱系潜力的基本机制，用于鉴定Afterembryonic Ecterm如何指定胎儿细胞类型的资源，并用作建立人类等同物的努力的范例。鉴于潜在保护必要的Imperembrymeronic角色，人类Xen细胞将提供相当大的提前。然而，Xen细胞系尚未成功衍生自人胚。鉴于人类Xen细胞系的潜在效用，本章侧重于审查所知的机制，以控制小鼠Xen的干细胞性质，希望促进建立人类Xen细胞系的新方法。

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