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首页> 外文期刊>Annual review of cell and developmental biology >Cellular Mechanisms of NETosis
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Cellular Mechanisms of NETosis

机译：细胞机制

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摘要

Neutrophils are critical to innate immunity, including host defense against bacterial and fungal infections. They achieve their host defense role by phagocytosing pathogens, secreting their granules full of cytotoxic enzymes, or expelling neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) during the process of NETosis. NETs are weblike DNA structures decorated with histones and antimicrobial proteins released by activated neutrophils. Initially described as a means for neutrophils to neutralize pathogens, NET release also occurs in sterile inflammation, promotes thrombosis, and can mediate tissue damage. To effectively manipulate this double-edged sword to fight a particular disease, researchers must work toward understanding the mechanisms driving NETosis. Such understanding would allow the generation of new drugs to promote or prevent NETosis as needed. While knowledge regarding the (patho)physiological roles of NETosis is accumulating, little is known about the cellular and biophysical bases of this process. In this review, we describe and discuss our current knowledge of the molecular, cellular, and biophysical mechanisms mediating NET release as well as open questions in the field.
机译：中性粒细胞对先天免疫力至关重要，包括针对细菌和真菌感染的宿主防御。它们通过吞噬病原体来实现其宿主防御作用，将它们的颗粒充满细胞毒性酶，或在Netosis的过程中排出中性粒细胞细胞外陷阱（网）。网是用活化的中性粒细胞释放的组蛋白和抗微生物蛋白装饰的WeBlike DNA结构。最初被描述为中性粒细胞中和中和病原体的手段，净释放也发生在无菌炎症中，促进血栓形成，可以介导组织损伤。为了有效地操纵这种双刃剑来对抗特定疾病，研究人员必须努力了解驾驶碳化的机制。这种理解将允许产生新药来促进或防止需要的净化。虽然关于Netosis的（Patho）生理作用的知识积累，但关于该过程的细胞和生物物理基础知之甚少。在本综述中，我们描述并讨论了目前介导净释放的分子，细胞和生物物理机制的目前的知识以及该领域的开放问题。

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