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首页> 外文期刊>American Journal of Sports Medicine >Adaptation of Running Biomechanics to Repeated Barefoot Running: A Randomized Controlled Study
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Adaptation of Running Biomechanics to Repeated Barefoot Running: A Randomized Controlled Study

机译：运行生物力学的适应重复赤脚运行：随机对照研究

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Background: Previous studies have shown that changing acutely from shod to barefoot running induces several changes to running biomechanics, such as altered ankle kinematics, reduced ground-reaction forces, and reduced loading rates. However, uncertainty exists whether these effects still exist after a short period of barefoot running habituation. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to investigate the effects of a habituation to barefoot versus shod running on running biomechanics. It was hypothesized that a habituation to barefoot running would induce different adaptations of running kinetics and kinematics as compared with a habituation to cushioned footwear running or no habituation. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Young, physically active adults without experience in barefoot running were randomly allocated to a barefoot habituation group, a cushioned footwear group, or a passive control group. The 8-week intervention in the barefoot and footwear groups consisted of 15 minutes of treadmill running at 70% of VO2 max (maximal oxygen consumption) velocity per weekly session in the allocated footwear. Before and after the intervention period, a 3-dimensional biomechanical analysis for barefoot and shod running was conducted on an instrumented treadmill. The passive control group did not receive any intervention but was also tested prior to and after 8 weeks. Pre- to posttest changes in kinematics, kinetics, and spatiotemporal parameters were then analyzed with a mixed effects model. Results: Of the 60 included participants (51.7% female; mean +/- SD age, 25.4 +/- 3.3 years; body mass index, 22.6 +/- 2.1 kg center dot m(-2)), 53 completed the study (19 in the barefoot habituation group, 18 in the shod habituation group, and 16 in the passive control group). Acutely, running barefoot versus shod influenced foot strike index and ankle, foot, and knee angles at ground contact (P < .001), as well as vertical average loading rate (P = .003), peak force (P < .001), contact time (P < .001), flight time (P < .001), step length (P < .001), and cadence (P < .001). No differences were found for average force (P = .391). After the barefoot habituation period, participants exhibited more anterior foot placement (P = .006) when running barefoot, while no changes were observed in the footwear condition. Furthermore, barefoot habituation increased the vertical average loading rates in both conditions (barefoot, P = .01; shod, P = .003) and average vertical ground-reaction forces for shod running (P = .039). All other outcomes (ankle, foot, and knee angles at ground contact and flight time, contact time, cadence, and peak forces) did not change significantly after the 8-week habituation. Conclusion: Changing acutely from shod to barefoot running in a habitually shod population increased the foot strike index and reduced ground-reaction force and loading rates. After the habituation to barefoot running, the foot strike index was further increased, while the force and average loading rates also increased as compared with the acute barefoot running situation. The increased average loading rate is contradictory to other studies on acute adaptations of barefoot running. Registration: DRKS00011073 (German Clinical Trial Register).
机译：背景：先前的研究表明，从垫圈逐渐变化到赤脚运行诱导运行生物力学的几个变化，例如改变的踝动力学，降低的地反作用力和降低的负载率。然而，在赤脚跑步习惯短期后，这些效果是否仍然存在不确定性。目的/假设：目的是探讨习惯对赤脚与跑步在运行生物力学的影响。假设赤脚运行的习惯将诱导不同的运行动力学和运动学的适应性，与缓冲鞋类跑步或没有习惯的习惯相比。研究设计：受控实验室研究。方法：年轻，身体活跃的成年人没有经验的赤脚运行，随机分配给赤脚习惯组，缓冲鞋类组或被动对照组。赤脚和鞋群的8周干预由15分钟的跑步机包括在分配的鞋类中每周每周一次vo2最大（最大氧气消耗）速度的70％。在干预期之前和之后，在仪表跑步机上进行了赤脚和垫子运行的三维生物力学分析。被动对照组没有接受任何干预，但也没有在8周之前测试过。然后用混合效应模型分析了运动学，动力学和时空参数的后测试改变。结果：60名包括参与者（51.7％的女性;平均+/- SD年龄，25.4 +/- 3岁;体重指数，22.6 +/- 2.1千克中心DOT M（-2）），53完成了这项研究（ 19在赤脚习惯组，18岁的垫子习惯组，16个中的动态控制组）。令人震惊，赤脚跑步影响脚部撞击指数和脚踝，脚，脚和膝盖和膝关节，以及垂直平均加载速率（P = .003），峰值力（P <.001） ，接触时间（p <.001），飞行时间（p <.001），步长（p <.001）和cadence（p <.001）。没有发现平均力量（p = .391）。在赤脚习惯期之后，参与者在赤脚跑步时显示更多的前脚放置（P = .006），同时在鞋类状况中没有观察到任何变化。此外，赤脚习惯在两个条件下增加垂直平均加载速率（赤脚，p = .01;垫，p = .003）和用于垫的平均垂直地反作用力（p = .039）。在8周习惯后，所有其他成果（接地接触和飞行时间，接触时间，焦点和峰值力）在8周后没有显着变化。结论：在习惯性休闲种群中赤脚锻炼的距离变为赤脚，增加了脚部撞击指数和降低地反作用力和装载率。在赤脚运行习惯后，脚部撞击指数进一步增加，而力量和平均加载率也与锐意的赤脚运行情况相比增加。增加的平均加载率增加与赤脚跑步的急性适应的其他研究相矛盾。注册：DRKS00011073（德国临床试验登记册）。

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