...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Applied Geography >Rural-urban spatial inequality in water and sanitation facilities in India: A cross-sectional study from household to national level
【24h】

Rural-urban spatial inequality in water and sanitation facilities in India: A cross-sectional study from household to national level

机译：印度水和卫生设施的农村城市空间不平等：从家庭到国家一级的横断面研究

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

A major obstacle for the developing nations to meeting the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG: 2015-2030) for WaSH (Water-Sanitation-Hygiene) is the appalling rural-urban inequality in infrastructural facilities that lead to regional/spatial differences in livelihood. In India, where about 70% of the population dwells in villages, rural-urban inequality can pose steep challenges to the authorities in their motto of ensuring improved water and sanitation for all. Cognizant of the need, the present study aimed to map nationwide rural-urban spatial inequalities for various WaSH infrastructural facilities along a four-tier administrative hierarchy: household-district-state-national. Cross-sectional data for district-wise percentages of rural and urban households having access to (i) latrine facility within premises, (ii) treated tap water, (iii) improved water source, and (iv) at-home water source were obtained from the Census of India database for 2011. A variety of metrices (Bray-Curtis Dissimilarity Index (BCDI), Gini coefficient, Moran'', LISA) were used to characterize underlying spatial patterns. Rural-urban spatial inequality in 'treated tap water' appeared as the most spatially variable WaSH parameter across the nation. Results indicated that governmental claims of having met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) for 'improved' water source require a thorough reappraisal, especially for rural India, as majority of these so called improved sources thrive on groundwater (hand pump+tube well), which is heavily contaminated by co-occurrences of multiple pollutants (fluoride, arsenic, nitrate, salinity), which have grave human health effects, and thus questioning the fundamental premise of 'safe water'. About 54% of the rural households in India rely on groundwater sources as compared to <20% urban households. In addition, about 67% of rural, against about 12% urban, households still 'indulge' in open defecation practices, which calls for stringent management actions coupled with strategic awareness campaigns. Rural-urban inequality in WaSH facilities appeared most alarming across the central Indian states of Chattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Overall, spatial heterogeneity in the rural-urban inequality appeared a daunting challenge for the authorities, urging for spatially-optimized policy reforms instead of enacting nationwide uniform policy measures. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：发展联合国的可持续发展目标（SDG：2015-2030）的发展中国家（水卫生卫生）的主要障碍是基础设施的令人震惊的农村城市不平等，导致民生区域/空间差异。在印度，大约70％的村庄人口住宅，农村城市不平等可能会对当局造成巨大的挑战，以确保改善的水和卫生。认识到需要，目前的研究旨在沿着四层行政等级的各种洗涤基础设施设施映射全国农村城市空间不平等：家庭区 - 国民。获得了（i）在房屋内获得的（i）厕所设施的农村和城市家庭的横断面数据，得到了（ii）治疗的自来水，（iii）改善水源和（iv）在家庭水源中获得从印度数据库的人口普查到2011年。使用各种股票（Bray-Curtis异化指数（BCDI），GINI系数，MORAN'，LISA）来表征潜在的空间模式。 “受理自来水”中的农村城市空间不平等出现在全国各地的最空间可变的清洗参数。结果表明，达到千年发展目标（MDG）为“改进”水源的政府主张需要彻底重新评价，特别是对于印度农村，因为这些所谓的改进源在地下水上茁壮成长（手泵+管井），这是由多种污染物（氟化物，砷，硝酸盐，盐度）的共同发生污染，这具有严重的人类健康影响，从而质疑“安全水”的基本前提。与<20％的城市家庭相比，印度农村家庭约有54％依赖地下水来源。此外，约有67％的农村，针对大约12％的城市，家庭仍然在开放排便实践中“沉迷”，这要求严格的管理行动加上战略意识运动。乡村城市不平等在洗涤设施中似乎最令人震惊的Chattisgarh，Bihar，Jharkhand，Otisha，Madhya Pradesh和Rajasthan。总体而言，农村城市不平等的空间异质性对当局来说令人生畏挑战，敦促为空间优化的政策改革而不是颁布全国范围的统一政策措施。 （c）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号