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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Ergonomics >Meaningfulness of landmark pictograms reduces visual salience and recognition performance
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Meaningfulness of landmark pictograms reduces visual salience and recognition performance

机译：标志性象形图的有意义性降低了视力突出性和识别性能

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摘要

Landmarks, objects in the environment used for orientation, navigation and the formation of cognitive maps are often represented in maps as pictograms. In order to support these tasks effectively and efficiently, landmark pictograms also need to be salient, as the map user needs to identify and process them quickly and easily. Two additional relevant characteristics for the usability of landmark pictograms are their meaningfulness and recognition performance. Meaningfulness is required to understand which categories of objects are represented by the pictograms. Ease of recognition prevents the necessity to consult a map repetitively and may support the formation of a cognitive map of the environment. In the present study, we investigated the relation between salience, meaningfulness and recognition performance of OpenStreetMap (OSM) pictograms and the potential effects of the visual complexity of pictograms on these usability characteristics. Salience was measured via eye fixations on specific pictograms, meaningfulness with an explicit continuous scale and recognition performance with a yes/no recognition memory paradigm. Statistical analyses showed that pictograms drew more visual attention if they were visually complex or if their meaning was inapprehensible or ambiguous. Less apprehensible pictograms were also recognized more often. Interestingly, the data indicated that longer fixations could lead to worse recognition performance. Long fixations on a pictogram may increase the likelihood of false recognition in subsequent situations where the pictogram is no longer valid or relevant. Based on the findings, we suggest balancing the meaningfulness and visual complexity of contiguous pictograms to enhance their recognition and to provide an optimal level of salience of single objects.
机译：地标，用于定向，导航和认知地图的形成的环境中的对象通常在地图中表示为象形图。为了有效且有效地支持这些任务，地标象形图也需要突出，因为地图用户需要快速且容易地识别和处理它们。具有里程碑类别象形图的可用性的两个额外相关特征是它们的有意义和识别性能。需要有意义的是要了解象形图所代表哪些类别的对象。易于识别可防止必要重复咨询地图，并可能支持形成环境的认知地图。在本研究中，我们调查了Solience，OpenStreetMap（OSM）象形图之间的关系与象形图的潜在效果对这些可用性特征的视觉复杂性。通过对特定象形图的眼睛固定来测量显着性，具有明确的连续规模和识别性能，具有肯定/无识别内存范例。统计分析表明，如果象形图在视觉上复杂或者他们的意义是不成意的或暧昧的含义，那么象形图会更加视觉注意。不太可敬的象形图也经常被认可。有趣的是，数据表明，更长的固定可能导致更糟糕的识别性能。象形图上的长固定可能会增加虚假识别在象形图不再有效或相关的情况下的虚假识别的可能性。基于调查结果，我们建议平衡连续象形图的有意义和视觉复杂性，以提高他们的认可，并提供单一物体的最佳显着性。

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