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Fluid Dynamic Characterization of Transcatheter Aortic Valves Using Particle Image Velocimetry

机译：使用粒子图像速度模型经电截管主动脉瓣膜的流体动态特征

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Abstract Transcatheter aortic valves provide superior systolic hemodynamic performance in terms of valvular pressure gradient and effective orifice area compared with equivalent size surgical bioprostheses. However, in depth investigation of the flow field structures is of interest to examine the flow field characteristics and provide experimental evidence necessary for validation of computational models. The goal of this study was to compare flow field characteristics of the three most commonly used transcatheter and surgical valves using phase‐locked particle image velocimetry (PIV). 26‐mm Edwards SAPIEN 3, 26‐mm Medtronic CoreValve, and 25‐mm Carpentier‐Edwards PERIMOUNT Magna were examined in a pulse duplicator with input parameters matching ISO‐5840, that is, heart rate of 70 beats/min, cardiac output of 5 L/min, and mean aortic pressure of 100 mm Hg. A 2D PIV system was used to obtain flow velocity and viscous shear stress fields during the entire cardiac cycle. In vitro testing showed that the mean transvalvular pressure gradient was lowest for SAPIEN 3, followed by CoreValve, and PERIMOUNT Magna surgical bioprosthesis. In addition, the viscous shear stress magnitude within the jet boundary layer was higher in PERIMOUNT Magna than CoreValve and SAPIEN 3 at the peak of the flow. However, the measured shear stress values were below the known threshold for platelet activation and red blood damage. Therefore, shear‐induced platelet activation is unlikely to take place during systole in the three bioprosthetic heart valves. The PIV measurements can be used for verification and validation of computational simulations.
机译：摘要经变形管主动脉阀在瓣膜压力梯度和有效孔口方面提供卓越的收缩性血液动力学性能，而与当量大小的手术生物原植体相比。然而，在深入研究流场结构的情况下，感兴趣的是检查流场特征并提供验证计算模型所需的实验证据。本研究的目的是使用锁相粒子图像速度（PIV）比较三个最常用的经导管和手术阀的流场特征。在带有输入参数匹配的ISO-5840的脉冲复制器中检查26毫米Edwardsevalve 3,26 mm Medtronic Corevalve和25 mm Carpentier-Edwards Perimount Magna，即心率为70次/分钟，心脏输出5 L / min，平均静脉压力为100 mm Hg。使用2D PIV系统在整个心动周期中获得流速和粘性剪切应力场。体外测试表明，SAPIEN 3的平均分瓣压梯度最低，其次是核心，以及周边的MANGA手术生物假体。另外，射流边界层内的粘性剪切应力幅度在周边麦克风的比核和Sapien 3处于流动的峰值。然而，测量的剪切应力值低于血小板活化和红血损伤的已知阈值。因此，在三个生物假心瓣膜中，剪切诱导的血小板活化是在Systole中进行的。 PIV测量可用于验证和验证计算仿真。

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