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Environmental controls on pyrocumulus and pyrocumulonimbus initiation and development

机译：吡腔腔和Pyrocumulonimbus启动与发育的环境管制

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摘要

In this paper we present the first direct observational evidence that the condensation level in pyrocumulus and pyrocumulonimbus clouds can be significantly higher than the ambient lifted condensation level. In addition, we show that the environmental thermodynamic profile, day-to-day variations in humidity, and ambient wind shear all exert significant influence over the onset and development of pyroconvective clouds. These findings are established using a scanning Doppler lidar and mobile radiosonde system during two large wildfires in northern California, the Bald Fire and the Rocky Fire. The lidar is used to distinguish liquid water from smoke backscatter during the plume rise, and thus provides a direct detection of plume condensations levels. Plume tops are subsequently determined from both the lidar and nearby radar observations. The radiosonde data, obtained adjacent to the fires, contextualize the lidar and radar observations, and enable estimates of the plume ascent, convective available potential energy, and equilibrium level. A noteworthy finding is that in these cases, the convective condensation level, not the lifted condensation level, provides the best estimate of the pyrocumulus initiation height.
机译：在本文中，我们提出了第一直接观察证据，即吡腔腔和发酵芩中的冷凝水平可以显着高于环境所提升的凝结水平。此外，我们表明环境热力学概况，湿度的日常变化，以及环境风剪切的全部对云云的发作和发育产生了重大影响。这些调查结果是在加利福尼亚州北部的两大野火期间使用扫描多普勒利达和移动无线电系统建立，秃顶和岩石火灾。 LIDAR用于将液体水与烟雾反向散射在羽流升高期间区分，因此提供了直接检测羽流凝聚水平。随后从LIDAR和附近的雷达观察结果中确定羽流。与火灾相邻的无线电探空器数据，上文化激光雷达和雷达观测，并使流量上升，对流可用潜在能量和平衡水平估计。值得注意的发现是在这些情况下，对流凝结水平，而不是提升的凝结水平，提供了发酵腔开始高度的最佳估计。

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