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Impact of agricultural emission reductions on fine-particulate matter and public health

机译：农业排放减少对细颗粒物质和公共卫生的影响

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A global chemistry-climate model has been used to study the impacts of pollutants released by agriculture on fine-particulate matter (PM2.5), with a focus on Europe, North America, East and South Asia. Simulations reveal that a relatively strong reduction in PM2.5 levels can be achieved by decreasing agricultural emissions, notably of ammonia (NH3) released from fertilizer use and animal husbandry. The absolute impact on PM2.5 reduction is strongest in East Asia, even for small emission decreases. Conversely, over Europe and North America, aerosol formation is not immediately limited by the availability of ammonia. Nevertheless, reduction of NH3 can also substantially decrease PM2.5 concentrations over the latter regions, especially when emissions are abated systematically. Our results document how reduction of agricultural emissions decreases aerosol pH due to the depletion of aerosol ammonium, which affects particle liquid phase and heterogeneous chemistry. Further, it is shown that a 50% reduction of agricultural emissions could prevent the mortality attributable to air pollution by similar to 250000 people yr(-1) worldwide, amounting to reductions of 30, 19, 8 and 3% over North America, Europe, East and South Asia, respectively. A theoretical 100% reduction could even reduce the number of deaths globally by about 800 000 per year.
机译：全球化学 - 气候模型已被用于研究农业释放的污染物对细颗粒物质（PM2.5）的影响，重点关注欧洲，北美，东南和南亚。模拟表明，通过减少从肥料使用和畜牧业中释放的氨（NH3），可以通过降低农业排放来实现PM2.5水平的相对强劲降低。即使对于少量排放，也是对东亚最强的对PM2.5的绝对影响。相反，在欧洲和北美，气溶胶形成不会立即受到氨的可用性的限制。然而，NH 3的减少也可以在后几个区域上显着降低PM2.5浓度，特别是当系统上减少排放时。我们的结果记录了农业排放的降低程度降低了气溶胶铵的耗竭，这会影响颗粒液相和异质化学。此外，表明农业排放减少50％可能会阻止由于全世界250000人（-1）的空气污染而导致的死亡率，达到北美北美的30,19,8和3％的欧洲东南亚洲分别。理论上100％的减少甚至可以将全球的死亡人数减少到每年约800 000。

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