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首页> 外文期刊>Annual Review of Immunology >Neuroinflammation During RNA Viral Infections
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Neuroinflammation During RNA Viral Infections

机译：RNA病毒感染期间的神经炎症

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摘要

Neurotropic RNA viruses continue to emerge and are increasingly linked to diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) despite viral clearance. Indeed, the overall mortality of viral encephalitis in immunocompetent individuals is low, suggesting efficient mechanisms of virologic control within the CNS. Both immune and neural cells participate in this process, which requires extensive innate immune signaling between resident and infiltrating cells, including microglia and monocytes, that regulate the effector functions of antiviral T and B cells as they gain access to CNS compartments. While these interactions promote viral clearance via mainly neuroprotective mechanisms, they may also promote neuropathology and, in some cases, induce persistent alterations in CNS physiology and function that manifest as neurologic and psychiatric diseases. This review discusses mechanisms of RNA virus clearance and neurotoxicity during viral encephalitis with a focus on the cytokines essential for immune and neural cell inflammatory responses and interactions. Understanding neuroimmune communications in the setting of viral infections is essential for the development of treatments that augment neuroprotective processes while limiting ongoing immunopathological processes that cause ongoing CNS disease.
机译：尽管病毒间隙，神经促rNA病毒继续出现并与中枢神经系统（CNS）的疾病越来越地联系起来。实际上，免疫活性腺中病毒性脑炎的总体死亡率低，表明CNS内的病毒学对照的有效机制。免疫和神经细胞都参与了该过程，这需要在常规和浸润细胞之间进行广泛的先天免疫信号，包括微胶质细胞和单核细胞，其调节抗病毒T和B细胞的效应功能，因为它们获得CNS隔室。虽然这些相互作用通过主要是神经保护机制促进病毒清除，但在某些情况下，它们也可能促进神经病理学，并且在某些情况下诱导CNS生理学和功能的持续改变，表现为神经系统和精神病疾病。该综述讨论了病毒脑炎期间RNA病毒间隙和神经毒性的机制，重点关注免疫和神经细胞炎症反应和相互作用必不可少的细胞因子。了解病毒感染的神经影响通信是对增强神经保护过程的治疗的发展，同时限制导致持续的CNS病的持续免疫病理过程，这是必不可少的。

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