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首页> 外文期刊>Annual Review of Immunology >Mast Cells in Inflammation and Disease: Recent Progress and Ongoing Concerns
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Mast Cells in Inflammation and Disease: Recent Progress and Ongoing Concerns

机译：炎症和疾病中的肥大细胞：最近的进展和持续担忧

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Mast cells have existed long before the development of adaptive immunity, although they have been given different names. Thus, in the marine urochordate Styela plicata, they have been designated as test cells. However, based on their morphological characteristics (including prominent cytoplasmic granules) and mediator content (including heparin, histamine, and neutral proteases), test cells are thought to represent members of the lineage known in vertebrates as mast cells. So this lineage presumably had important functions that preceded the development of antibodies, including IgE. Yet mast cells are best known, in humans, as key sources of mediators responsible for acute allergic reactions, notably including anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially fatal IgE-dependent immediate hypersensitivity reaction to apparently harmless antigens, including many found in foods and medicines. In this review, we briefly describe the origins of tissue mast cells and outline evidence that these cells can have beneficial as well as detrimental functions, both innately and as participants in adaptive immune responses. We also discuss aspects of mast cell heterogeneity and comment on how the plasticity of this lineage may provide insight into its roles in health and disease. Finally, we consider some currently open questions that are yet unresolved.
机译：肥大细胞在发展自适应豁免前已经存在，尽管它们已被给予不同的名称。因此，在海洋UrochordateStyela Plicata中，它们被指定为测试细胞。然而，基于它们的形态特征（包括突出的细胞质颗粒）和介导含量（包括肝素，组胺和中性蛋白酶），认为测试细胞代表脊椎动物中已知的血管成员作为肥大细胞。因此，这种谱系可能具有在抗体的发展之前具有重要功能，包括IgE。然而，在人类中，肥大细胞是最着名的，作为负责急性过敏反应的关键介质来源，特别是包括过敏反应，严重和潜在的致命的IgE依赖性的立即对反应对明显无害的抗原，包括在食品和药物中发现的许多人。在本综述中，我们简要描述了组织肥大细胞的起源和概述的证据，即这些细胞可以具有有益的以及有害功能，并作为适应性免疫应答的参与者。我们还讨论了桅杆细胞异质性的各个方面，并评论了这种谱系的可塑性如何能够深入了解其在健康和疾病中的作用。最后，我们考虑一些目前未解决的问题。

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