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首页> 外文期刊>Annual review of marine science >Annual Review of Marine Science Progress in Deciphering the Controls on the Geochemistry of Fluids in Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems
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Annual Review of Marine Science Progress in Deciphering the Controls on the Geochemistry of Fluids in Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems

机译：海洋科学对海底热水系统流体地球化学控制控制的年度审查

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摘要

Over the last four decades, more than 500 sites of seafloor hydrothermal venting have been identified in a range of tectonic environments. These vents represent the seafloor manifestation of hydrothermal convection of seawater through the permeable oceanic basement that is driven by a subsurface heat source. Hydrothermal circulation has fundamental effects on the transfer of heat and mass from the lithosphere to the hydrosphere, the composition of seawater, the physical and chemical properties of the oceanic basement, and vent ecosystems at and below the seafloor. In this review, we compare and contrast the vent fluid chemistry from hydrothermal fields in a range of tectonic settings to assess the relative roles of fluid-mineral equilibria, phase separation, magmatic input, seawater entrainment, and sediment cover in producing the observed range of fluid compositions. We focus particularly on hydrothermal activity in those tectonic environments (e.g., mid-ocean ridge detachment faults, back-arc basins, and island arc volcanoes) where significant progress has been made in the last decade in documenting the variations in vent fluid composition.
机译：在过去的四十年中，已经在一系列构造环境中鉴定了超过500个海底水热通风网站。这些通风口代表了通过地下热源驱动的可渗透海底水热对流的海底表现。水热循环对来自岩石圈的热量和质量转移到水液，海水的组成，海洋地下室的物理和化学性质以及海底下方的发泄生态系统的影响以及海底的发泄生态系统。在本次综述中，我们将排气流体化学从水热场进行比较，在一系列构造环境中，评估流体 - 矿物均衡，相分离，岩浆输入，海水夹带和沉积物覆盖在产生观察范围内的相对作用流体组合物。我们特别关注那些构造环境中的水热活动（例如，中海洋岭脱离故障，后弧盆地和岛弧火山），其中在过去十年中已经在记录了通气流体组合物的变化方面取得了重大进展。

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