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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of applied mechanics >A Drone-Based Bioaerosol Sampling System to Monitor Ice Nucleation Particles in the Lower Atmosphere
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A Drone-Based Bioaerosol Sampling System to Monitor Ice Nucleation Particles in the Lower Atmosphere

机译：基于无人机的生物制剂采样系统，用于监测较低大气中的冰成核颗粒

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Terrestrial ecosystems can influence atmospheric processes by contributing a huge variety of biological aerosols (bioaerosols) to the environment. Several types of biological particles, such as pollen grains, fungal spores, and bacteria cells, trigger freezing processes in super-cooled cloud droplets, and as such can contribute to the hydrological cycle. Even though biogenic particles are known as the most active form of ice nucleation particles (INPs), the transport to high tropospheric altitudes, as well as the occurrence in clouds, remains understudied. Thus, transport processes from the land surface into the atmosphere need to be investigated to estimate weather phenomena and climate trends. To help fill this knowledge gap, we developed a drone-based aerosol particles sampling impinger/impactor (DAPSI) system for field studies to investigate sources and near surface transport of biological INPs. DAPSI was designed to attach to commercial rotary-wing drones to collect biological particles within about 100 m of the Earth's surface. DAPSI provides information on particulate matter concentrations (PM10 & PM2.5), temperature, relative humidity, and air pressure at about 0.5 Hz, by controlling electrical sensors with an onboard computer (Raspberry Pi 3). Two remote-operated sampling systems (impinging and impacting) were integrated into DAPSI. Laboratory tests of the impinging system showed a 96% sampling efficiency for standardized aerosol particles (2 mu m polystyrene latex spheres) and 84% for an aerosol containing biological INPs (Betula pendula). A series of sampling missions (12 flights) were performed using two Phantom 4 quadcopters with DAPSI onboard at a remote sampling site near Gosau, Austria. Fluorescence microscopy of impactor foils showed a significant number of auto-fluorescent particles < 0.5 mu m at an excitation of 465-495 nm and an emission of 515-555 nm. A slight increase in ice nucleation activity (onset temperature between -27 degrees C and -31 degrees C) of sampled aerosol was measured by applying freezing experiments with a microscopic cooling technique. There are a number of unique opportunities for DAPSI to be used to study the transport of bioaerosols, particularly for investigations of biological INP emissions from natural sources such as birch or pine forests.
机译：陆地生态系统可以通过促进各种各样的生物气溶胶（生物溶胶）来影响大气过程。几种类型的生物颗粒，如花粉晶粒，真菌孢子和细菌细胞，引发超冷云液滴中的冷冻过程，因此可以有助于水文循环。尽管将生物颗粒被称为最活性的冰成核颗粒（INPS），但是对高压散疱疹的运输，以及云层的发生仍然被解读。因此，需要研究从地面到大气层中的运输过程，以估计天气现象和气候趋势。为了帮助填补这种知识差距，我们开发了一种基于无人机的气溶胶粒子采样灌注/冲击器（DAPSI）系统，用于研究生物导入的来源和近地表传输。 Dapsi旨在附加到商业旋转翼无人机，以收集地球表面约100米内的生物颗粒。通过控制带有板载计算机（覆盆子PI 3）的电传感器，Dapsi提供有关颗粒物质浓度（PM10和PM2.5），温度，相对湿度和空气压力的信息。两个远程操作的采样系统（撞击和撞击）被整合到DAPSI中。撞击系统的实验室测试为标准化气溶胶颗粒（2μm聚苯乙烯胶乳球体）的采样效率显示了96％的采样效率，并且对于含生物Inps（Betula pendula）的气溶胶的84％。使用两种幻影4 Quadcopters进行了一系列采样任务（12个航班），其中奥地利奥地利岛附近的远程抽样网站上的Dapsi船上。撞击箔的荧光显微镜显示出大量的自动荧光颗粒<0.5μm，在激发465-495nm和515-555nm的发射。通过使用微观冷却技术施加冷冻实验，测量采样气溶胶的冰成核活性的略微增加（在-27℃和-31摄氏度之间的开始温度）。 DAPSI有许多独特的机会用于研究生物溶胶的运输，特别是对来自桦树或松树林等自然来源的生物INP排放的研究。

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