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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics >Mayday, Mayday, Mayday: Using salivary cortisol to detect distress (and eustress!) in critical incident training
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Mayday, Mayday, Mayday: Using salivary cortisol to detect distress (and eustress!) in critical incident training

机译：Mayday，Mayday，Mayday：使用唾液皮质醇来检测危急事件训练中的痛苦（和eustress！）

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摘要

The understanding of stress and its impact on human performance is crucial to mitigate human error in the face of a threat. This is especially the case for critical incidents on a ship bridge, where human error can easily lead to severe danger for crew, cargo, and other vessels. To overcome the current limitations of robust objective stress measures that reliably detect (di-)stress under highly noisy conditions, we set out to explore whether salivary cortisol - the stress biomarker in medicine and psychology - is a valuable complementary assessment tool in a high-stress/emergency context. In a controlled within-subjects experiment (N = 12) using a ship bridge simulator, we measured stress levels under three conditions (80 min each): baseline, low stress (open water navigation task in autopilot), and high stress (open water emergency scenario). We sampled salivary cortisol at 10 min intervals in conjunction with heart rate (variability) monitoring, and subjective stress assessments from both participants and expert evaluators. Results validate salivary cortisol as a successful tool for detecting distress. Unlike the other stress measures, salivary cortisol strongly correlated with expert stress assessments (r = 0.856) and overt stress behavior like instances of freezing and missing response cues. Surprisingly, data further revealed decreased salivary cortisol across periods of self-assessed improved performance (i.e., eustress). In fact, data suggests an inverted u-relationship between performance and salivary cortisol. The findings have direct implications for the vast field of emergency training, and serve as a first important validation and benchmark to proceed with real life applications.
机译：对压力的理解及其对人类性能的影响至关重要，对面对威胁来减轻人为错误。这是船桥危险事件的案例，人类错误很容易导致机组人员，货物和其他船只的严重危险。为了克服强大的客观压力措施的当前限制可靠地检测（DI-）在高度嘈杂的条件下的压力，我们探讨了唾液皮质醇 - 医学和心理学中的应力生物标志物 - 是一个高度的互补评估工具压力/紧急情况。在受控的受试者实验（n = 12）中使用船舶桥模拟器，我们在三个条件下测量应力水平（每次80分钟）：基线，低应力（自动驾驶仪中的开放式水导航任务），高应力（开放式水紧急情况）。我们以10分钟的间隔采样唾液皮质醇，与心率（可变性）监测以及来自参与者和专家评估人员的主观压力评估。结果验证唾液皮质醇作为检测痛苦的成功工具。与其他压力措施不同，唾液皮质醇与专家应力评估强烈相关（R = 0.856），以及冻结和缺失响应提示的情况等明显的应力行为。令人惊讶的是，数据进一步揭示了在自我评估的改善的性能（即，eustress）期间减少了唾液皮质醇。事实上，数据表明性能和唾液皮质醇之间的倒置U形关系。该研究结果对广阔的紧急培训领域具有直接影响，并作为第一个继续进行现实生活应用的第一重要验证和基准。

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