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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Surface melt-driven seasonal behaviour (englacial and subglacial) from a soft-bedded temperate glacier recorded by in situ wireless probes
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Surface melt-driven seasonal behaviour (englacial and subglacial) from a soft-bedded temperate glacier recorded by in situ wireless probes

机译：表面熔化驱动的季节性行为（Englacial和Sub涂布）从符合原位无线探针记录的软床温带冰川

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摘要

We investigate the spatial and temporal englacial and subglacial processes associated with a temperate glacier resting on a deformable bed using the unique Glacsweb wireless in situ probes (embedded in the ice and the till) combined with other techniques [including ground penetrating radar (GPR) and borehole analysis]. During the melt season (spring, summer and autumn), high surface melt leads to high water pressures in the englacial and subglacial environment. Winter is characterized by no surface melting on most days ('base') apart from a series of positive degree days. Once winter begins, a diurnal water pressure cycle is established in the ice and at the ice/sediment interface, with direct meltwater inputs from the positive degree days and a secondary slower englacial pathway with a five day lag. This direct surface melt also drives water pressure changes in the till. Till deformation occurred throughout the year, with the winter rate approximately 60% that of the melt season. We were able to show the bed comprised patches of till with different strengths, and were able to estimate their size, relative percentage and temporal stability. We show that the melt season is characterized by a high pressure distributed system, and winter by a low pressure channelized system. We contrast this with studies from Greenland (overlying rigid bedrock), where the opposite was found. We argue our results are typical of soft bedded glaciers with low englacial water content, and suggest this type of glacier can rapidly respond to surface-driven melt. Based on theoretical and field results we suggest that the subglacial hydrology comprises a melt season distributed system dominated by wide anastomosing broad flat channels and thin water sheets, which may become more channelized in winter, and more responsive to changes in meltwater inputs. (c) 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
机译：我们研究了与在可变形床上搁置在可变形床上的温带冰川相关的空间和时间闸门和底透视过程，使用唯一的GlacspeB无线探测器（嵌入在冰中，直到）与其他技术相结合[包括地面穿透雷达（GPR）和[钻孔分析]。在熔融季节（春季，夏季和秋季）期间，高表面熔体导致闸门和沉淀环境中的高水压。冬季的特点是除了一系列阳性天数之外，大多数日子（'底座）没有表面熔化。冬季开始，在冰和冰/沉积物界面中建立了昼夜水压循环，从阳性度天和次级较慢的百叶窗途径的直接熔点输入，具有五天的滞后。这种直接表面熔体也会在止痒中驱动水压变化。直到整个年度发生变形，冬季率大约60％的熔体季节。我们能够展示床上包括诸如不同优点的斑块，并且能够估计其尺寸，相对百分比和时间稳定性。我们表明熔融季节的特点是高压分布式系统，冬季通过低压通道系统。我们将其与来自格陵兰（覆盖的刚性基岩）的研究进行了鲜明对比，在那里发现了相反的地方。我们认为我们的结果是典型的软床冰川，具有低englacial含水量，并提出这种类型的冰川可以快速响应表面驱动的熔体。基于理论和现场结果，我们建议底掩模水文包括由宽饱和的宽平面通道和薄水片构成的熔体季节分布式系统，这可能在冬季变得更加通道，并且对熔融投入的变化更响应于敏感性。 （c）2019年作者。 John Wiley＆Sons Ltd.出版的地球表面流程和地貌

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