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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Empirical observations and numerical modelling of tides, channel morphology, and vegetative effects on accretion in a restored tidal marsh
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Empirical observations and numerical modelling of tides, channel morphology, and vegetative effects on accretion in a restored tidal marsh

机译：潮汐，通道形态的潮汐，通道形态和营养效果对恢复潮汐沼泽的经验观察及数值建模

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Tidal marshes form at the confluence between estuarine and marine environments where tidal movement regulates their developmental processes. Here, we investigate how the interplay between tides, channel morphology, and vegetation affect sediment dynamics in a low energy tidal marsh at the Paul S. Sarbanes Ecosystem Restoration Project at Poplar Island. Poplar Island is an active restoration site where fine-grained material dredged from navigation channels in the upper Chesapeake Bay are being used to restore remote tidal marsh habitat toward the middle bay (Maryland, USA). Tidal currents were measured over multiple tidal cycles in the inlets and tidal creeks of one marsh at Poplar Island, Cell 1B, using Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) to estimate water fluxes throughout the marsh complex. Sediment fluxes were estimated using acoustic backscatter recorded by ADCPs and validated against total suspended solid measurements taken on site. A high-resolution geomorphic survey was conducted to capture channel cross sections and tidal marsh morphology. We integrated simple numerical models built in Delft3d with empirical observations to identify which eco-geomorphological factors influence sediment distribution in various channel configurations with differing vegetative characteristics. Channel morphology influences flood-ebb dominance in marshes, where deep, narrow channels promote high tidal velocities and incision, increasing sediment suspension and reducing resilience in marshes at Poplar Island. Our numerical models suggest that accurately modelling plant phenology is vital for estimating sediment accretion rates. In-situ observations indicate that Poplar Island marshes are experiencing erosion typical for many Chesapeake Bay islands. Peak periods of sediment suspension frequently coincide with the largest outflows of water during ebb tides resulting in large sediment deficits. Ebb dominance (net sediment export) in tidal marshes is likely amplified by sea-lev
机译：潮汐沼泽在河流和海洋环境之间的交汇处形成，其中潮汐运动调节其发展过程。在这里，我们调查如何在Paul S. Sarbanes生态系统修复项目的低能量潮汐沼泽中潮汐，通道形态和植被之间的相互作用如何影响杨树岛的低能量潮汐沼泽。杨树岛是一个活跃的恢复现场，在上部切萨皮克湾的导航渠道中疏浚的细粒度物质正在用于恢复偏远的潮汐沼地栖息地向中间湾（马里兰州，美国）。在杨树岛，电池1B的一个沼泽的入口和潮汐小溪中测量潮流在杨树岛，电池1b的一沼泽，使用声学多普勒电流分析仪（ADCP）来估计整个沼泽复合物的水通量。使用ADCP记录的声反向散射估计沉积物助熔剂，并验证在现场上占用的总悬浮固体测量。进行了高分辨率的地貌调查，以捕获通道横截面和潮汐沼泽形态。我们集成了Delft3D中建立的简单数值模型，具有实证观察，以确定哪些生态地貌因素在具有不同营养特征的各种通道配置中影响沉积物分布。信道形态影响沼泽地的洪水爆发，深度狭窄的渠道促进潮流速度和切口，增加沉积物悬浮液，减少杨树岛的沼泽地复原力。我们的数值模型表明，准确建模的植物候选对于估算沉积物增率至关重要。原位观察表明，杨树岛沼泽对许多切萨皮克湾群岛典型的侵蚀。沉积物悬浮液的峰值周期经常与在退潮期间的最大水流出，导致大沉积物缺陷。潮汐沼泽中的EBB优势（净沉积物出口）可能会被海上救援扩大

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