Flume tests on fluvial erosion mechanisms in till‐bed channels

Pike Leila; Gaskin Susan; Ashmore Peter

摘要

Abstract >Semi‐alluvial stream channels eroded into till and other glacial sediments are common in areas of extensive glacial deposition such as the Great Lakes region and northern interior plains of North America. The mechanics of erosion and erosional weakness of till results in the dominance of fluvial scour and mass erosion due to spontaneous fracture at planes of weakness under shearing flow. There have been few controlled tests looking at erosional mechanisms and resistance of till in river channels. We subjected small blocks of till to unidirectional flows in a laboratory flume to measure the threshold shear stress for erosion and observed the erosion mechanics. Critical shear stress for erosion varied from 7 to 8?Pa for samples with initial saturated moisture content in which a combination of fluvial scour and mass cracking/block erosion dominated. When dried, micro‐fissures occurred in the sample and erosional resistance of the till was extremely low at 1?Pa with erosion appearing to be by fluvial scour. When mobile gravel was added to the test conditions, the gravel reduced the erosion threshold slightly because of the enhanced scour around and below the gravel particles and the tendency for the gravel to aid in crack enlargement. Thus a partial or thin gravel cover over the till may provide no protection from erosion. The erosion processes and effects reflect the complex and contingent mechanics and properties of till, and suggest that the erosion characteristics of till bed semi‐alluvial channels differ from abrasion or plucking dominated processes in more resistant bedrock. Copyright ? 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”xml：lang =“en”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> >半侵蚀到耕种和其他冰川沉积物的冲积流渠道在广泛的冰川沉积领域是常见的，例如伟大的湖区和北美北部内部平原。侵蚀性侵蚀和质量侵蚀的侵蚀和侵蚀弱点的机制，由于剪切流动弱裂缝的自发性骨折。有很少的受控测试看着侵蚀机制和河流渠道的抵抗力。我们在实验室水下进行了小块直到单向流动，以测量侵蚀的阈值剪切应力并观察到侵蚀力学。侵蚀的临界剪切应力从7〜8？对于具有初始饱和水分含量的样品而变化，其中氟尿泡沫和质量裂纹/块腐蚀的组合占主导地位。当干燥时，在样品中发生微小裂纹，并且侵蚀性抗性在＆ pa的侵蚀下极低。侵蚀是通过河流冲刷。当移动砾石被添加到测试条件中时，由于砾石颗粒周围和下方和砾石的倾向，砾石稍微减少侵蚀阈值，以及砾石以帮助裂纹扩大的趋势。因此，直到部分或薄的砾石盖可以不提供免受侵蚀的保护。侵蚀过程和效果反映了迄今为止的复杂和偶然的力学和性质，并表明床床半冲击通道的侵蚀特性因耐腐蚀基岩中的磨损或拔线的主要方法而异。版权？ 2017年John Wiley＆amp; SONS，LTD。</ p> </ abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-22319/'>《Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第1期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共12页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Pike Leila&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Pike Leila;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Gaskin Susan&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Gaskin Susan;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Ashmore Peter&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Ashmore Peter;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of Civil EngineeringMcGill UniversityMontreal Quebec Canada;</p> <p>Department of Civil EngineeringMcGill UniversityMontreal Quebec Canada;</p> <p>Department of GeographyUniversity of Western OntarioLondon Ontario Canada;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=rivers&option=203" rel="nofollow">rivers;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=geomorphology&option=203" rel="nofollow">geomorphology;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=semi‐alluvial&option=203" rel="nofollow">semi‐alluvial;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=tills&option=203" rel="nofollow">tills;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=erosion&option=203" rel="nofollow">erosion;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：河流;地貌;半冲积;直到;侵蚀; 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