Quantifying erosional equilibrium across a slowly eroding, soil mantled landscape

Heimsath Arjun M.; Chadwick Oliver A.; Roering Josh J.; Levick Shaun R.

摘要

Abstract >The textbook concept of an equilibrium landscape, which posits that soil production and erosion are balanced and equal channel incision, is rarely quantified for natural systems. In contrast to mountainous, rapidly eroding terrain, low relief and slow‐eroding landscapes are poorly studied despite being widespread and densely inhabited. We use three field sites along a climosequence in South Africa to quantify very slow (2‐5?m/My) soil production rates that do not vary across hillslopes or with climate. We show these rates to be indistinguishable from spatially invariant catchment‐average erosion rates while soil depth and chemical weathering increase strongly with rainfall across our sites. Our analyses imply landscape‐scale equilibrium although the dominant means of denudation varies from physical weathering in dry climates to chemical weathering in wet climates. In the two wetter sites, chemical weathering is so significant that clay translocates both vertically in soil columns and horizontally down hillslope catenas, resulting in particle size variation and the accumulation of buried stone lines at the clay‐rich depth. We infer hundred‐thousand‐year residence times of these stone lines and suggest that bioturbation by termites plays a key role in exhuming sediment into the mobile soil layer from significant depths below the clay layer. Our results suggest how tradeoffs in physical and chemical weathering, potentially modulated by biological processes, shape slowly eroding, equilibrium landscapes. ? 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“Main”XML：Lang =“en”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> >均衡景观的教科书概念，该横向景观是衡量土壤生产和侵蚀的，并且对于自然系统很少量化相同的沟道切口。与山区，快速侵蚀的地形相比，尽管普遍存在和密集居住地，但仍然很难研究低浮雕和缓慢侵蚀的景观。我们沿着南非的高潮使用三个田地网站来量化非常缓慢的（2-5？M / My）的土壤生产率，这些土壤产量不会因山坡或气候而异。我们展示这些税率与空间不变的集水区平均侵蚀速率无法区分，而土壤深度和化学风化在我们的场地上的降雨量强烈增加。我们的分析意味着景观级均衡，尽管剥蚀的主导方法在干燥气候中的物理风化而变化，但在潮湿气候中的化学风化。在两个湿润的位点中，化学风化是如此重要的是，粘土在土柱中垂直转移和水平向下山坡连环鲸，导致粒度变化和覆盖石线在富含粘土的深度的覆盖石线。我们推断出这些石线的一千千年的住宿时间，并提出了白蚁的生物扰动在膨胀沉积物中从粘土层下方的显着深度发出沉积物中的关键作用。我们的结果表明如何在物理和化学风化中进行折衷，可能通过生物过程调节，塑造慢慢侵蚀，平衡景观。还2019年John Wiley＆amp; SONS，LTD。</ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-22319/'>《Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2020年第3期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共12页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Heimsath Arjun M.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Heimsath Arjun M.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Chadwick Oliver A.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Chadwick Oliver A.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Roering Josh J.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Roering Josh J.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Levick Shaun R.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Levick Shaun R.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Arizona State UniversityTempe AZ USA;</p> <p>University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara CA USA;</p> <p>University of OregonEugene OR USA;</p> <p>CSIRO Land and WaterDarwin NT Australia;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=erosion&option=203" rel="nofollow">erosion;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=cosmogenic nuclides&option=203" rel="nofollow">cosmogenic nuclides;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=soil production&option=203" rel="nofollow">soil production;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=landscape evolution&option=203" rel="nofollow">landscape evolution;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：侵蚀;美容核素;土壤生产;景观进化; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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