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Regulation of calcium signalling by the small GTP-binding proteins Ras and Racl

机译:小GTP结合蛋白Ras和Racl对钙信号的调节

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Increases in the concentration of intracellular free Ca~(2+)-ions act as ubiquitous signals in almost any type of living cells ranging from bacteria to mammalian systems (Berridge, 1997; Berridge et al, 2000). Ca~(2+)-signals have been shown to regulate a wide variety of biological processes including proliferation, fertilization, differentiation, contraction, secretion, learning and memory (Berridge et al., 2000; Bootman et al., 2001). In spite of its biological significance, many aspects of the molecular mechanisms regulating signalling by Ca~(2+) have remained unclear. This applies in particular to Ca~(2+)-signalling in non-excitable cells stimulated by growth factors acting through receptor tyrosine kinases. Stimulation of these receptors results in an activation of the Ras > Raf > ERK pathway accompanied by an increase in cytosolic free Ca~(2+) (Schlessinger and Ullrich, 1992; Grunicke, 1995). Although data suggesting a regulation of Ras by Ca~(2+) have been published (Aspenstrom, 2004; Cullen andLockyer, 2002), evidence for a regulatory function of Ras upstream of Ca~(2+) has also been presented (Wakelam et al., 1986; Tinhofer et al., 1996; Obermeier et al., 1996).
机译:细胞内游离Ca〜(2 +)-离子浓度的升高在几乎所有类型的活细胞中均起普遍的信号作用,从细菌到哺乳动物系统(Berridge,1997; Berridge等,2000)。 Ca〜(2+)信号已被证明可调节多种生物学过程,包括增殖,受精,分化,收缩,分泌,学习和记忆(Berridge等,2000; Bootman等,2001)。尽管其具有生物学意义,但尚不清楚调节Ca〜(2+)信号转导的分子机制的许多方面。这尤其适用于由受受体酪氨酸激酶作用的生长因子刺激的非兴奋性细胞中的Ca〜(2+)信号传导。这些受体的刺激导致Ras> Raf> ERK途径的激活,伴随着胞质游离Ca〜(2+)的增加(Schlessinger and Ullrich,1992; Grunicke,1995)。尽管已经公开了暗示由Ca〜(2+)调控Ras的数据(Aspenstrom,2004; Cullen andLockyer,2002),但也已经提供了Ras调控Ca〜(2+)上游功能的证据(Wakelam et al。等人,1986; Tinhofer等人,1996; Obermeier等人,1996)。

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